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Nucleotides
It is an organic molecule made up of three basic components- a nitrogenous base, phosphate,and pentose sugar. The nucleotides are important for metabolic reactions andthe formation of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid).
Nucleic Acids
Nucleic acids are essential biomolecules present in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and viruses. They carry the genetic information for the synthesis of proteins and cellular replication. The nucleic acids are of two types: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). The structure of all proteins and ultimately every biomolecule and cellular component is a product of information encoded in the sequence of nucleic acids. Parts of a DNA molecule containing the information needed to synthesize a protein or an RNA are genes. Nucleic acids can store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next, fundamental to any life form.
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- 1. After exposure to a mutagen an A-T base pairing becomes T-A in the daughter cell. This is an example of: A. Transition B. Transversion C. Transport D. Transfection 2. A mutation in the promoter region of a gene would be expected to be: A. Activating B. Cis-acting C. Null D. Trans-acting 3. A locus can be best defined as: A. A region within a chromosome containing multiple genes B. The genetic position of a mutation C. A type of insect that eats crops D. The location of a gene within the chromosome 4. Which of the following events is not possible in a living cell: A. Information in RNA to be copied into DNA B. Information in DNA to be copied into RNA C. Information in RNA to be copied into a polypeptide D. Information in a polypeptide to be copied into RNA 5. The enzymes that control DNA supercoiling by introducing nicks in one strand are known as: A. DNA polymerases B. Topoisomerases C. Restriction enzymes D. RNA polymerases 6. A null mutation is best defined as one that results in…1.What type of mutation is seen here? WT: 5′-AUG GCU AGA GUU GAA AAA-3′ Mutant: 5′-AUG GGU AGA GUU GAA AAA-3′ Group of answer choices a. Transition b. Tranversion c. Insertion d. Deletion 2. Dr. Doom wants to prevent a cell from entering the lysogenic pathway, which gene controlled by PRM would Dr. Doom target for inactivation? Group of answer choices a. cII b. cro c. cI d. Q17. NF1 protein Ras signaling. ---- a. activates b. inhibits 18. The deacetylation of the histones results in converting the chromatin from a configuration favoring transcription. a. True b. False 19. Gene conversion occurs because a. DNA polymerase temporarily switches from its original template strand to the complementary DNA strand. b. recombination occurs between nonhomologous chromosomes. c. there occurs a second mutation due to environmental effect 20. Proteins in a signal transduction pathway find and bind to each other due to their -- domain. a. SH1 b. SH2 c. SH3
- 1. Write if the statement is true and modify the statement with the correct answer if its false a.White colonies represent those bacteria that do not express the genes for beta-galactosidase because restriction enzymes have cut the gene and ligase have not repaired the break b.Antibiotic resistance genes in bacterial transformation are used as marker genes because of ease of detection of transformants. c. Bacterial transformation simply means the insertion of a recombinant plasmid into a bacterial cell.Match the concept in column A to the concept in column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the blank provided. A В a. Change that affects the ability of DNA to be transcribed to 1 Karry Mullis RNA without directly modifying the DNA sequence. b. transformation epigenetic modification 18-25 nucleotides C. can be transformed d. genetic engineering e. primers f. biotechnology g. regulated repressor h. Nucleotide 3 4 recombination Frederick Griffith forward primer competent cells Karoly Ereke 6 7 8 sequences are exchanged between two identical DNA molecules i. Repressible negative regulation j. Complementary to the 3' end of the recombinant DNA 10 tryp operon anti-sense strand k. Complementary to the 3' end of sense strands I. Polymerase chain reactionWhy are antibiotic resistance markers such as ampR important components of bacterial plasmid cloning vectors? a. The plasmid must have resistance to accept DNA inserts. b. They allow the detection of plasmids that contain an inserted DNA fragment. c. They ensure the presence of the ori site. d. They ensure that the plasmid can be cut by a restriction enzyme. e. They allow identification of bacteria that have taken up a plasmid.
- I. List the sequences of RNA that would be transcribed from the following DNA template sequences. a. TTACACTTGCTTGAGAGTC Ans: b. АСТTGGGCTАTGCTCATTA Ans: c. Ans: GGCTGCAATAGCССТAGAT d. GGAATACGTCTAGCTAGCA Ans:1. Genes in a bacteriophage that are expressed after expression of genes that initiate the lytic cycle Group of answer choices a. Immediate Early Genes b. Delayed Early Genes c. Late Early Genes d. Late Genes 2. The differential expression of alleles depending on whether they are maternally or paternally derived. Group of answer choices a. Position Effect Varigation b. Genomic Imprinting c. Epigenetic Inheritance d. Dosage Compensation 3. Amino acids at the N-terminal end of eukaryotic polypeptides that contain the information required for the post-translational processing and determining the extra-cellular destination of the nascent polypeptides. Group of answer choices a. Kozak Sequence b. Signal Sequence c. Chaperone Sequence d. Sigma Sequence15. What percent of a typical mammalian genome is classified as an exon? A. 0.7% B. 1.5% C. 3.2% D. 9.4% 16. Which of the following best describes a gene? AWA A. It is usually found in euchromatin B. It is usually found in heterochromatin C. It doesn't have a promoter. D. Only eukaryotic cells have them. 17. Where would one expect to find heterochromatin? A. In the centromere. B. In a gene being transcribed. C. In the telomeres. D. In the centrioles. 18. DNA is less-tightly packed in A. heterochromatin 28 ) ni sau or AMA B. telomeres C. euchromatin D. centromeres roteosonic 19. How many protein subunits make up a histone protein? A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8 20. What charge do histone proteins have? A. negative B. neutral C. positive D. magnetic atalgo 21. Where would one expect to find histone H1? A. It is outside the histone complex, but bound to the nucleosome. B. It is part of the histone complex. C. There is no histone H1. D. Histone H1 makes up the entire histone complex. lymortuan nem bo…
- a. Pfu Polymerase b.dNTPs c.Buffer Match each component above to the correct function(s) listed below. Write your selection(s) for each component. You may have more than one answer for each. 1. unwinds DNA 2. synthesizes new DNA strands 3. enzymatically catalyzes Quikchange 4. nucleotide source for new DNA strands 5. Energy source for reaction(s) 6. Repairs errors in base pair matching 7. Maintains pH and salt levels 8. Creates polymer chains1. What makes CRISP particularly useful compared to other genetic engineering techniques? A. CRISPR can add DNA to multiple cells at the same time B. CRISPR works better in bacteria C. CRISPR can target one specific area of DNA to cut D. CRISP is capable of transporting DNA through the cell walls of plants 2. MOST viruses are capable of infecting A. many different species B. many cell types in the same species C. only specific cell types that have a particular receptor11. What is the phenotype of the bacterial strain with the following lac genotype: IPOʻZ* Y A/P P* o* Z* Y* A a. lacZ is constitutive, lacY is inducible, lacA is not expressed b. lacZ is inducible, lacY is inducible, lacA is not expressed c. lacZ is constitutive, lacY is not expressed, lacA is not expressed d. lacz is inducible, lacY is not expressed, lacA is not expressed e. lacZ is not expressed, lacY is not expressed, lacA is not expressed