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- If the radius of a bronchial airway, which has a driving pressure of 2 mm Hg, is reduced by 16 percent of its original size, what will be the new driving pressure required to maintain the same gas flow through the bronchial airway? A. 4 mm Hg B. 8 mm Hg C. 12 mm Hg D. 16 mm Hg1. If lung compliance decreases with advancing age, in the absence of other changes: a) the work of breathing would increase. b)the lungs would be easier to inflate. c) lung elastance would decrease d) airway resistance would increase during inspiration 12. Assume a normal female with a resting tidal volume of 400 mL, respiratory rate of 13 breaths/min, and dead space of 125 mL. When she exercises, which of the following scenarios would be most efficient for increasing her oxygen delivery to the lungs? a) increase respiratory rate to 20 breaths/min but no change in tidal volume b) increase tidal volume to 550 mL but no change in respiratory rate c) increase tidal volume to 500 mL and respiratory rate to 15 breaths/min60 A 55-year-old woman with severe pulmonary fibrosis undergoes pulmonary function testing. Which of the following findings is most likely in this patient? OA) Decreased FEV, FVC ratio ● B) Decreased lung compliance OC) Decreased work of breathing O O O O O OD) Increased expiratory reserve volume E) Increased functional residual capacity Increased residual volume G) Normal total lung capacity OF)
- Select the FALSE statement/s: OA) Residual volume is higher in obstructive pulmonary disease than in restrictive pulmonary diseases O B) Expiratory volume is lower in obstructive pulmonary disease than in restrictive pulmonary diseases OC) Rib cage deformities will cause restrictive pulmonary disease OD) All of the above O E) None of the above20 The graph shows the pressure-volume relationship of the lung (solid curve) and the chest wall (dashed curve). Which of the following letters indicates functional residual capacity? A) B) 100 80 60- U 40 20-A Volume (% of total lung capacity) D C) F G E -30-20-10 O 10 Pressure (cm H₂O) D) RV 20 30 40 E) F) G)11. If lung compliance decreases with advancing age, in the absence of other changes: a) the work of breathing would increase. b) the lungs would be easier to inflate. c) lung elastance would decrease d) airway resistance would increase during inspiration
- 18. Immediately after ascending from sea level to 2100 m (7000 ft) above sea level, a healthy 27-year-old woman hyperventilates. Which of the following best explains the hyperventilation? A) Decreasing oxygen concentration in arterial blood stimulates the carotid and aortic bodies B) Decreasing oxygen saturation in arterial blood stimulates the carotid and aortic bodies C) Decreasing Po₂ in arterial blood stimulates the carotid and aortic bodies D) Decreasing Po, in arterial blood stimulates central chemoreceptors E) Decreasing Pco₂ in arterial blood stimulates carotid chemoreceptors15. Which of the following sets of findings is most likely in a 60-year-old woman with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Functional Residual Capacity A) B) C) D) E) Lung Compliance ↑ t Forced Vital Capacity + ↑42. A healthy 35-year-old woman is breathing room air while standing. Which of the following best explains why alveoli at the top of the lungs have a higher Po, than alveoli at the of the lungs in this woman?A) Higher perfusion per unit lung volumeB) Higher ratio of ventilation to perfusionC) Higher ventilation per unit lung volumeD) Lower perfusion per unit lung volumeE) Lower ratio of ventilation to perfusionF) Lower ventilation per unit lung volume
- 4. The diffusing capacity of the lung for oxygen is decreased by an increase in which of the following? A) Alveolar membrane thickness B) Alveolar surface area C) Hematocrit D) Pulmonary capillary blood transit time E) Pulmonary capillary blood volume13. Draw and label the following graphs: a) Graph the effect of ventilation on arterial PCO2. b) Graph the effect of ventilation on arterial PO2. c) Graph the changes in PO2 in the trachea during one respiratory cycle. The Y-axis should include accurate numerical values.64. The graph shows the pressure-volume relationship of the lung (solid curve) and chest wall (dashed curve). Lung compliance is the lowest at which of the following lettered points? D E 80- 60 F LAC B 40- 20-A G OA) B) Total lung capacity (%) 100- C) RV -30-20-10 0 10 20 30 40 Pressure (cm H₂O) O D) OE) F) G)