8. Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, which develop from similar embryonic tissues. These structural similarities are examples of which of the following? * Convergent evolution Evolution of common structure as a result of common function No answer Evolution of similar appearance as a result of common function Homology structures

8. Structures as different as human arms, bat wings, and dolphin flippers contain many of the same bones, which develop from similar embryonic tissues. These structural similarities are examples of which of the following? * Convergent evolution Evolution of common structure as a result of common function No answer Evolution of similar appearance as a result of common function Homology structures

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter23: Principles Of Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6SQ

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Snakes evolved from ancestors who had the ability to walk. Some snakes, in fact, still have small pelvis and leg bones that are rermnants from this ancestor. What are these called? * O Vestigial structure Homologous strucre O Sympatric structure Molecular homology
Through _______, a body part of an ancestor is modified differently in different lines of descent. a. homologous evolution b. morphological convergence c. adaptive divergence d. morphological divergence
A вс D E F G scales fur/ scales spikes horns horns claws feathers hair a) Which trait(s) did the most recent common ancestor of dragons A and B have? [ [ Select ] b) Which trait(s) appear to be the result of convergent evolution? [ Select ] c) Which trait(s) does dragon D have? [Select ] d) Which taxa is most closely related to dragon B? [ Select ] f) True or false? The clade formed by dragons D, E, and their most recent common ancestor is monophyletic [ Select ] e) Which trait(s) did the most recent common ancestor of dragon species A and E have? [ Select ]
tes es Snakes evolved from ancestors who had the ability to walk. Some snakes, in fact, still have small pelvis and leg bones that are remnants from this ancestor. What ers rences are these called? * nline Vestigial structure Homologous structure Sympatric structure riods 1 and 2 Molecular homology P1, Highschool ol MP3, 4 O O O O
WRITE ABOUT A THEME: Organization You have seenmany examples of how form fits function at all levels of thebiological hierarchy. However, we can imagine forms thatwould function better than some forms actually found innature. For example, if the wings of a bird were not formedfrom its forelimbs, such a hypothetical bird could fly yet alsohold objects with its forelimbs. In a short essay (100–150words), use the concept of “evolution as tinkering” to explainwhy there are limits to the functionality of forms in nature.
Imagine that you have the DNA sequences fromthe intron of a gene in three species called A, B,and C. Species A and B are most closely related,while C is more distantly related. The sequencesof A and B differ by 18 base pairs, A and C differby 26 base pairs, and B and C differ by 28 basepairs. Fossils show that species A and B divergedabout 1.2 Mya, but there is no fossil evidence asto when the most recent common ancestor ofall three species lived. Use the genetic data toestimate that date. What assumptions are youmaking to get this estimate?
Recent reconstructions of evolutionary history are often dependenton assigning divergence in terms of changes in amino acid ornucleotide sequences. For example, a comparison of cytochromec shows 10 amino acid differences between humans and dogs,24 differences between humans and moths, and 38 differencesbetween humans and yeast. Such data provide no information asto the absolute times of divergence for humans, dogs, moths, andyeast. How might one calibrate the molecular clock to an absolutetime clock? What problems might one encounter in such acalibration?
In land mammals, the pelvic girdle is the point where the leg bones attach to the rest of the skeleton. Whales, which are descended from animals that lived on land, also have a small pelvic girdle. This would be an example of what type of evidence for evolution? DNA similarities anatomical similarities shared developmental pathways fossil evidence s 000 O
. The upper forelimbs of humans and bats have fairly similarskeletal structures, whereas the corresponding bones inwhales have very different shapes and proportions. However,genetic data suggest that all three kinds of organisms divergedfrom a common ancestor at about the same time. Which ofthe following is the most likely explanation for these data?(A) Forelimb evolution was adaptive in people and bats, butnot in whales.(B) Natural selection in an aquatic environment resulted insignificant changes to whale forelimb anatomy.(C) Genes mutate faster in whales than in humans or bats.(D) Whales are not properly classified as mammals.
Which of the following is false concerning the evidence for evolution? Vestigial structures are a reduced structure or organ that was once useful to an ancestral species. B The more closely related two species are, the fewer DNA base differences there is. In radiometric dating, fossils with more stable elements are younger than fossils with radioactive elements. D Species that share a common ancestry will have homologous structures.
n 12 12 of 25 Scientific evidence documents the pattern of evolution. The evidence exists in a variety of categories, including direct observation of evolutionary change, the fossil record, homology, and biogeography. Sort the following examples into the correct categories. Drag each phrase to the appropriate bin. > View Available Hint(s) Reset Help same genetic code in fireflies and tobacco plants similarities in mammalian forelimbs development of drug resistance in bacteria discovery of transitional forms of horses similarity of endemic island species to nearby mainland species vestigial pelvis in right whales discovery of shells of extinct species the high concentration of marsupial species in Australia biogeography direct observation of evolutionary change fossil record homology P Pearson 12:06 PM EX home um ik T Y U home enter 4. B shift end alt ctrl 144
Homologous structures are evidence that O That the animals probably share a common ancestor O That all animals probably came from each other O That all animals probably share the exact same DNA O That all the animals are unrlated