Transitional fossils demonstrate that dinosaurs evolved feathers long before they evolved flight. Clearly feathers did not evolve for their aerodynamic advantages. What else, besides aerodynamics, do feathers do for birds today? What advantages might feathers have offered for dinosaurs?
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3. Transitional fossils demonstrate that dinosaurs evolved feathers long before they evolved flight. Clearly feathers did not evolve for their aerodynamic advantages. What else, besides aerodynamics, do feathers do for birds today? What advantages might feathers have offered for dinosaurs?
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- Along comes Dr Phil Bell and deep in the mines of Lightning Ridge, finds an amazingly preserved pterosaur that preserves feathers. He hypothesises that this means that feathers must have evolved before the origin of dinosaurs and therefore must have been primitive. How would you go about testing this hypothesis of feather origins?6. Organisms classified as “birds” share a common feature. What shared derived character defined this taxonomic group? 7. What feature is present in all animals but is not present in birds and reptiles? 8. Reptiles, birds, and mammals are amniotes. I’m addition to an amniotic egg, the common ancestor of all reptiles, birds, and mammals had a thick epidermal layer of scales partially composed of a protein called keratin. Keratinized skin helps prevent water loss in terrestrial environment. A. what type (or form) of Keratinized epidermal structure represents the ancestral character state of all reptiles, birds, and mammals?15. Flying squirrels, sugar gliders, and colugos are all mammals that glide using a flap of skin between the forelimbs and hindlimbs. They are not closely related and are found in North America, Australia, and Malaysia, respectively. How did they all evolve a similar structure when they are not closely related? 16. Since dinosaurs are now extinct, does that mean that birds (the dinosaurs" closest living relative according to the tree) are also on their way to becoming extinct? Why or why not?
- 6. Below are some vestigial structures found in humans. For each, hypothesize what its function may have been. Structure Muscles for moving the ear Body hair Wisdom Teeth Tailbone Possible function? 7. How are vestigial structures an example of evidence of evolution?4. Bone probably first evolved to Choose a or b a. provide fish with jaws in order to be fearful predators. b. store calcium to provide strong muscle power when released to the bloodstream. 5. The earliest tetrapods first emerged from shallow water habitats Choose a or b a. around marine (salt water) coastlines. b. in freshwater swampy areas.1. Observe the behavior of the live goldfish. Note the movement of the operculum. What is its function? Does a shark have an operculum? 2. Examine the model of the bony fish. Compare the fins, shape of the tail, scales and other external features with the shark. How do the fins of fish contribute to the evolutionary story of animals evolving to life on land? 1. Observe and compare the features of the amphibian specimens. 2. The frog will be used to review vertebrate anatomy. Begin by examining the thin skin of the frog. How does it compare to the skin of a reptile? Would the frogs skin help protect it against water loss? How is the frog able to supply its body tissues with enough oxygen even if there is some mixing of oxygenated deoxygenated blood? Amphibian, literally means “living on both sides”. Explain why amphibians have that name. What characteristics do reptiles have that make them more suited for terrestrial life than amphibians? Why are birds thought of as flying…
- 1. Which of the following is correct regarding the reptilian and mammalian vertebra? A. Their cervical vertebrae restrict their neck movement. B. They have seven cervical vertebrae C. The 2nd vertebra is known as the atlas. D. They have a variable number of cervical vertebrae depending on the length of the neck. 2. Which part of the egg lies close to the animal pole? A. Ribosome B. Mitochondria C. Nucleus D. Centriole 3. TRUE or FALSE. Vertebrates that evolved from fish pass through similar embryonic stages. 4. TRUE or FALSE. Chimpanzees and humans have the greatest number of sweat glands.16. Since dinosaurs are now extinct, does that mean that birds (the dinosaurs’ closest living relative according to the tree) are also on their way to becoming extinct? Why or why not?Mammals have a particularly good sense of earing thanks to their inner ear which includes three tiny bones. Reptiles, in contrast, have a single inner ear bone. The lower jaw of reptiles is composed of multiple bones while the lower jaw of mammals is a single bone. Fossil and developmental evidence indicate that the inner ear bones of mammals evolved from lower jawbones. This suggests that the inner ear bones of mammals are 1. an analogy 2. an exaptation 3. a living fossil 4. a transitional trait 5. a vestigial structure
- n. Scientists have found one new fossil that is similar to Archaeopteryx. It is only the second fossil of its kind. It shows an animal that had a long-feathered tail and small teeth, like non-avian dinosaurs. But the animal also had flight feathers and wings, like modern birds. The fossil also shows a fused clavicle bone, which confirms the relationship between birds and dinosaurs because they are the only two groups with this characteristic. What is true about this scenario? It shows evidence of evolution. It shows evidence of widespread expression. It shows evidence of climate change. It shows evidence of causation.1. What era is known as the age of reptiles? 2. In animals, Hox genes activate proteins to determine A. animal cephalic region B. animal physiology C. animal body plan D. animal caudal region E. animal reproduction5. Which chordates are thought to be the most recent mammalian group to have evolved, with live birth, and a placenta to provide oxygen to the developing embryo (over a relatively long gestational period)? A. the prototherians (including the spiny echidna) B. the metatherians (including the kangaroo) C. the monotremes (including the platypus) D. the marsupials (including the opossum) E. the euthdrians (including the beaver)