7. A male fly that is homozygous for recessive alleles at two linked autosomal genes is mated with a wild-type female fly that is homozygous dominant for both alleles. All F, offspring are then randomly mated. If the genes are so close as to have no recombination, what proportion of offspring will be homozygous for both mutations in the F, generation? Briefly justify your answer.
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- 14. A wildtype fruit fly (heterozygous for gray body and normal wings) is mated 2 poin with a black fly with vestigial wings. Offspring: 778-wild type 785-black vestigial 158-black-normal wings 162 gray body-vestigial wings. 1. What is the recombination frequency between these genes? 2. Are the genes linked? Explain why or why not. *2. a. A Drosophila male from a true-breeding stockwith scabrous eyes was mated with a female from atrue-breeding stock with javelin bristles. Both scabrous eyes and javelin bristles are autosomal recessive mutant traits. The F1 progeny all had normaleyes and bristles. F1 females from this cross weremated with males with both scabrous eyes andjavelin bristles. Write all the possible phenotypicclasses of the progeny that could be produced from the cross of the F1 females with the scabrous, javelin males, and indicate for each class whether it is arecombinant or parental type.b. The cross in part (a) yielded the following progeny:77 scabrous eyes and normal bristles; 76 wild type(normal eyes and bristles); 74 normal eyes andjavelin bristles; and 73 scabrous eyes and javelinbristles. Are the genes governing these traits likelyto be linked, or do they instead assort independently? Why?c. Suppose you mated the F1 females from the crossin part (a) to wild-type males. Why would thiscross fail…. As we learned in this chapter, the white mutation ofDrosophila studied by Thomas Hunt Morgan isX-linked and recessive to wild type. When truebreeding white-eyed males carrying this mutationwere crossed with true-breeding purple-eyed females,all the F1 progeny had wild-type (red) eyes. When theF1 progeny were intercrossed, the F2 progeny emergedin the ratio 3/8 wild-type females: 1/4 white-eyedmales: 3/16 wild-type males: 1/8 purple-eyed females:1/16 purple-eyed males.a. Formulate a hypothesis to explain the inheritanceof these eye colors.b. Predict the F1 and F2 progeny if the parental crosswas reversed (that is, if the parental cross wasbetween true-breeding white-eyed females andtrue-breeding purple-eyed males).
- . In mice, the dominant allele Gs of the X-linked geneGreasy produces shiny fur, while the recessive wildtype Gs+ allele determines normal fur. The dominantallele Bhd of the X-linked Broadhead gene causesskeletal abnormalities including broad heads andsnouts, while the recessive wild-type Bhd+ alleleyields normal skeletons. Female mice heterozygousfor the two alleles of both genes were mated withwild-type males. Among 100 male progeny of thiscross, 49 had shiny fur, 48 had skeletal abnormalities,2 had shiny fur and skeletal abnormalities, and 1 waswild type.a. Diagram the cross described and calculate thedistance between the two genes.b. What would have been the results if you hadcounted 100 female progeny of the cross?2. In the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, a spineless (no wing bristles) female fly ismated to a male that is claret (dark eyes) and hairless (no thoracic bristles).Phenotypically wild-type F1 female progeny were mated to fully homozygous (mutant)males, and the following progeny (1000 total) were observed:Phenotypes Number Observedspineless 321wild 38claret, spineless 130claret 18claret, hairless 309hairless, claret, spineless 32hairless 140hairless, spineless 12(a) Which gene is in the middle?(b) With respect to the three genes mentioned above, what are the genotypes of thehomozygous parents used in making the phenotypically wild F1 heterozygote?(c) What are the map distances between the three genes?(d) What is the coefficient of coincidence?In cats, the genotype AA produces tabby fur color; Aa is also a tabby, and aa is black. Another gene at a different locus is epistatic to the gene for fur color. When present in its dominant W form (WW or Ww), this gene blocks the formation of fur color and all the offspring are white; ww individuals develop normal fur color. What fur colors, and in what proportions, would you expect from the cross AaWw Aa Ww?
- Human females have two X chromosomes XX; males have one X and one Y chromosome XY. a. With respect to X-linked alleles, how many different types of gametes can a male produce? b. A female homozygous for an X-linked allele can produce how many types of gametes with respect to that allele? c. A female heterozygous for an X-linked allele can produce how many types of gametes with respect to that allele?Another gene in Drosophila determines wing length. The dominant wild-type allele of this gene produces long wings; a recessive allele produces vestigial (short) wings. A female that is true- breeding for red eyes and long wings is mated with a male that has purple eyes and vestigial wings. F1 females are then crossed with purple-eyed, vestigial-winged males. From this second cross, a total of 600 offspring are obtained with the following combinations of traits: 252 with red eyes and long wings 276 with purple eyes and vestigial wings 42 with red eyes and vestigial wings 30 with purple eyes and long wings Are the genes linked, unlinked, or sex-linked? If they are linked, how many map units separate them on the chromosome?Human females have two X chromosomes (XX); males have one X and one Y chromosome (XY). a. With respect to X chromosome alleles, how many different types of gametes can a male produce? b. If a female is homozygous for an allele on an X chromosome, how many types of gametes can she produce with respect to that allele? c. If a female is heterozygous for an X chromosome allele, how many types or gametes can she produce with respect to that allele?
- A heterozygous individual has a _______ for a trait being studied. a. pair of identical alleles b. pair of nonidentical alleles c. haploid condition, in genetic termsThe F1 flies described in question 1 were mated with brown-eyed flies from a true-breeding line. What phenotypes would you expect the offspring to have? (a) all with red eyes (b) all with brown eyes (c) half with red eyes and half with brown eyes (d) red-eyed females and brown-eyed males (e) brown-eyed females and red-eyed males. The normal eye color of Drosophila is red, but strains inwhich all flies have brown eyes are available. Similarly,wings are normally long, but there are strains with shortwings. A female from a pure line with brown eyes andshort wings is crossed with a male from a normal pureline. The F1 consists of normal females and short-wingedmales. An F2 is then produced by intercrossing the F1.Both sexes of F2 flies show phenotypes as follows:38 red eyes, long wings38 red eyes, short wings18 brown eyes, long wings18 brown eyes, short wingsDeduce the inheritance of these phenotypes; useclearly defined genetic symbols of your own invention.State the genotypes of all three generations and thegenotypic proportions of the F1 and F2.Unpacking Problem 31Before attempting a solution to this problem, try answering thefollowing questions:1. What does the word normal mean in this problem?2. The words line and strain are used in this problem.What do they mean, and are they interchangeable?3. Draw a simple…