6. Succinate dehydrogenase couples the activity of the citric acid cycle with that of the electron transportchain. The reaction that succinate dehydrogenase catalyzes results in an a,ß-unsaturated carbonyl compound,fumarate. A similar reaction is catalyzed during beta oxidation of fatty acids.A. Why is it that FADH₂ generated at succinate dehydrogenase can only power the production of 1.5 ATP perelectron pair, in contrast with NADH, which can produce 2.5 ATP per electron pair?B. If the availability of oxidized coenzyme Q is limited in the cell, what is the impact of this limitation on theturnover of the citric acid cycle?C. Succinate dehydrogenase is particularly susceptible to running an off-pathway reaction where one electronleaks from FADH₂ or coenzyme Q to prematurely reduce O₂ and generate the superoxide radical O₂. Why issuccinate dehydrogenase particularly prone to this issue? (Hint: note the chemistry of the cofactors involved)

Succinate dehydrogenase is an enzyme located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It has FAD as its…

Answered: 6. Succinate dehydrogenase couples the…

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter7: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7TYK

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

26. These catalyze oxidation and reduction reactions, e.g. pyruvate dehydrogenase, catalysing the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl coenzyme A. a. oxidoreductases b. transferases c. hydrolases d. ligases 27. These catalyze transferring of the chemical group from one to another compound. An example is a transaminase, which transfers an amino group from one molecule to another. a. oxidoreduUctases b. transferases c. hydrolases d. ligases 28. They catalyze the hydrolysis of a bond. For example, the enzyme pepsin hydrolyzes peptide bonds in proteins. a. oxidoreductases b. transferases c. hydrolases d. ligases 29. Catalyze the association of two molecules. For example, DNA ligase catalyzes the joining of two fragments of DNA by forming a phosphodiester bond. a. oxidoreductases b. transferases c. hydrolases d. ligases 30. It is the loss of electrons, gain of oxygen or loss of hydrogen. a. reduction b. temperature C. substrate concentration d. oxidation
1. Consider the oxidation of the fatty acid with the common name arachidic acid. a. Draw the structure of arachidic acid. b. How many turns of the fatty acid oxidation cycle is required for the complete oxidation of arachidic acid? c. How many moles of ATP are formed from one mole of arachidic acid if the acetyl CoA produced go to the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation? Assume 1 mole of NADH is equivalent to 3 moles ATP and 1 mole FADH2 is equivalent to 2 moles of ATP. Show how you arrived at your answer
2. The amino acid glutamate is synthesized from a-ketoglutarate, a catalytic intermediate in the citric acid cycle. In order for glutamate to be synthesized without depleting citric acid cycle intermediates, more carbon must be added to the cycle to make excess a-ketoglutarate. a. Describe the net synthesis of a-ketoglutarate from pyruvate in which no citric acid cycle intermediates are depleted. You must show how pyruvate can be used to introduce more carbons into the citric acid cycle than are lost (don't overlook CO₂).
1. Select the INCORRECT statement about Glutamate dehydrogenase : a. Catalyzes the removal of NH4+ into glutamate b.Catalyzes the incorporation of NH*4 into a-ketoglutarate c. Catalyzes the removal of NH*4 from glutamate C d. Catalyzes the incorporation of NH'4 into a-keto acid
3) Indicate the order in which the metabolites in citric acid cycle are produced; acetyl CoA as 1 and oxaloacetate as 9. Metabolites in Citric Acid Cycle Order Enzyme involved in the formation of the metabolite Acetyl CoA 1 Oxaloacetate 9. Succinyl SCOA Fumarate Malate Citrate Succinate a-Ketoglutarate Isocitrate
III. Match the item to each step in the Krebs Cycle. a. isocitrate f. oxaloacetate g. sulfur h. a-ketoglutarate i. fumarate j. ATP b. succinate C NAD d. malate e. succinyl-CoA 85. What molecule is formed when GTP is oxidized to form GDP? 86. What molecule is formed when FAD is reduced? 87. Which molecule must be reduced so that oxaloacetate is formed? IV. Match each compound to a step that of the Light-Dependent Reaction. a. P700 b. P680 . P680 d. ATP synthase e. PhotosystemI f. electron acceptor g. electron carrier h. chlorophyll II. i. NADPH reductase j. b. - f complex 88. Light photons excite electrons from this part of the Reaction Centre. 89. The enzyme that helps remove electrons from the thylakoid. 90. The enzyme that acts to form ATP with chemiosmosis. V. Match the enzyme or protein to the replication process. a. DNA polymerase l b. DNA polymerase I| . DNA polymerase III d. primase e. DNA ligase f. helicase g. single-strand-binding proteins h. topoisomerase Il 91. Unwinds helix…
1. Identify the oxidized coenzyme (letter abbreviation only) that participates in this reaction of the Kreb’s cycle. Succinate --> Fumarate 2. How many mol of NADH can be obtained upon the beta oxidation of stearic acid? 3. How many mol of ATP can be obtained upon the complete oxidation of 1 mol stearic acid? 4. How many steps in glycolysis in which ATO is converted to ADP?
2. For each of the following compounds, identify the ATP yield from complete oxidation using glycolysis, generation of ACOA, the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. If the yield is a range, make sure to give that range. Starting molecule a. 2 ACOA b. A glycogen molecule containing 3 glucose molecules C. NADH d. FADH2 e. F-2,6-BP f. 12 molecules of Ribose-5-phosphate g. 2 molecules of 3-GP # ATPs generated
19. The activation of long chain fatty acids requires which of the following components? B. ATP and CoA E. Carnitine acyl transferase I and II C. ATP, COA and fatty acyl CoA A. ATP D. Fatty acyl carnitine 20. Which of the following statements best describes the B-oxidation of fatty acids? A. B-oxidation of fatty acids is an extra mitochondrial process. B. The enzymes present in the form of multienzyme complexes. C. One acetyl CoA is produced in each turn of the B-oxidation spiral. D. The intermediates are carried by Acyl carrier protein. E. 129 ATP are required for the formation of one mol of palmitic acid.
9. The equation below depicts the first step of the citric acid cycle. H0 CoA-SH CH-C + 0=C-CO0 HO C-COO citrate s-COA ČH2-COO synthase ČH2 -CO0 Citrate Acetyl-CoA Oxaloacetate AG" = -32.2 kJ/mol a) Explain the chemical conversions that take place during this step. b) Why is this reaction energetically favorable? Explain.
1. The citric acid cycle ends with the reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase (MDH) shown below. The product of this reaction, oxaloacetate (OAA), combines with acetylCoA (catalyzed by citrate synthase) to begin the cycle. Given this answer the following questions. All of your work must be shown. R = 8.314 J mol-1 K -1 Malate + NAD* OAA + NADH a. What is the keq of the reaction given that AG" = 30.0 kJ/mol? Assume T = 298K. Please show your work. b. The concentration of malate within a rat mitochondria is about 0.20mM. Furthermore, the ratio of [NAD+]/[NADH] is around 10/1. Given this calculate the concentration of OAA within the mitochondria considering that the MDH reaction is at equilibrium under mitochondrial conditions. c. Citrate synthase catalyzes the first step in the CAC as shown below. Determination of its actual free energy change is difficult for a number of reasons however most scientist will point to the fact that it is negative. Let's assume AG = -5.0 kJ/mol. The…
6. The AG of the citric acid cycle reaction catalyzed by succinyl-CoA synthetase is approximately 0 kJ/mol. Which of the following statements explains why we would expect this reaction to be highly exergonic, but why the overall AG = 0 in reality. A) The reaction cleaves a thioether linkage, and the released free energy is used to generate a new thioester linkage in a product molecule. B) The reaction cleaves a thioester linkage, and the released free energy is used to generate GTP. C) The reaction cleaves a thioester linkage, and the released free energy is used to generate a new thioester linkage in a product molecule. D) None of the above

SEE MORE QUESTIONS

Recommended textbooks for you

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

Biology

ISBN:

9781305389892

Author:

Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

Biology

ISBN:

9781305389892

Author:

Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:

Cengage Learning

SEE MORE TEXTBOOKS