39. An investigator is conducting a clinical study of the effects of ADH (vasopressin) on whole body fluid balance. The plan is to produce increased circulating concentrations of ADHFollowing a 5% change from baseline, which of the following will be the most effective physiologic stimulus for increasing ADH secretion in this study?OA) Decrease in blood pressureOB) Decrease in blood volumeOC) Increase in serum osmolalityD) Increase in fluid intakeOE) Increase in hematocrit

39. ADH or the Antidiuretic hormone is also known as Arginine vasopressin. It is synthesized in the…

Answered: 39. An investigator is conducting a…

Phlebotomy Essentials

6th Edition

ISBN:9781451194524

Author:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)

Publisher:Ruth McCall, Cathee M. Tankersley MT(ASCP)

Chapter1: Phlebotomy: Past And Present And The Healthcare Setting

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1SRQ

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42. An investigator is conducting a clinical study of the effects of ADH (vasopressin) on whole body fluid balance. The plan is to produce increased circulating concentrations of ADH. Following a 5% change from baseline, which of the following will be the most effective physiologic stimulus for increasing ADH secretion in this study? A) Decrease in blood pressure B) Decrease in blood volume C) Increase in serum osmolality D) Increase in fluid intake E) Increase in hematocrit
3. In a normal frequency distribution of serum sodium concentrations, the mean is 141 mEq/L and the standard deviation is 3.2 mEq/L. Which of the following most closely represents the percentage of values in the interval between 137.8 mEq/L and 144.2 mEq/L? A) 25% B) 50% C) 65% D) 95% E) 99%
51. A 38-year-old woman has a blood pressure of 120/72 mm Hg while supine and 118/78 mm Hg while standing. Which of the following changes in the autonomic nervous system, when going from a supine to a standing position, most likely maintains stable blood pressure in this woman? Vagal Afferent Activity Sympathetic Efferent Activity Parasympathetic Efferent Activity A) 1 no change B) no change C) No change no change 1 D) No change 1 A E) No change ↓ no change F) 1 no change G) ↓ O O O O O O O 1
1.8 Which of the following is likely to cause the kidney to change the reabsorption of water and/or NaCl? Select one: a. Drinking 1 L of water in a short period of time. (Assume that you weren't dehydrated.) b. Eating a big bag of salty potato chips. c. Forgetting to drink water all day. d. Exercising vigorously in a very hot environment. e. All of the above
38. The cystometrogram was obtained by measuring the pressure within the urinary bladder of a healthy man during infusion of sterile water into the bladder. Increased firing rate of parasympathetic fibers and decreased firing rate of motor fibers in the internal pudendal nerve occur most often during which of the following intervals? OA) V to W OB) W to X OC) X to Y OD) Y to Z Pressure om H₂0 30- W 100 N 200 300 Volume (ml) Vesm 400 500
A creatinine clearance is done on a patient with the following results: serum creatinine, 0.6 mg/dL; urine creatinine, 102 mg/dL; urine volume, 1650 mL/24 hours; body surface area, 1.93 m2. Based on the information from calculations above, which of the following is the best interpretation of this patient's creatinine clearance results? 1) Within the normal range 2) Above normal, probably because the 24-hr urine collection was not completed correctly 3) Above normal 4) Below normal no references, just homework
A 30-year-old female patient with uncontrolled hypertension is suspected by an investi- gating endocrinologist of having Conn's syndrome. Results of routine biochemistry were (reference ranges are given in brackets): Sodium Potassium Urea Creatinine Alkaline phosphatase Alanine aminotransferase Albumin Bilirubin Calcium 146 mmol/L 2.1 mmol/L 7.2 mmol/L 146 μmol/L 290 IU/L 20 IU/L 49 g/L 8 μmol/L 2.19 mmol/L (135-145) (3.5-5.0) (3.5-6.6) (70-150) (95-320) (5-42) (35-50) (<17) (2.12-2.62) (a) Are any of the electrolyte concentrations abnormal, and if so what condition is suggested? (b) What further biochemistry investigations would you undertake? Explain your reasoning.
Erthy is given an intravenous antibiotic (gentamicin) at a dose of 7 mg/kg per day for a period of 7 days. This dose will be assessed after a week and adjusted accordingly. The gentamicin will be administered in 87 mL of Normal Saline (NS) over a time period of 20 minutes. Please answer the following questions: a. How much will Erthy be getting per day in mg based on this order?b. How much volume of the gentamicin (in mL) should be added to the IV bag; the concentration of gentamicin is 10 mg per mL.
A 1% to 2% shift in osmolality causes how much change in the circulating concentration of AVP? Twofold, Fourfold, Eightfold, Tenfold?
A 44-year-old woman was experiencing headaches and fatigue. The consultingphysician recommended testing glucose and electrolytes. The results are attached in the picture below: (a) What is the difference between serum and plasma? (b) Describe the results (c) Plasma glucose levels lower than 20 mg/dl can be fatal. As the patient’s resultsdid not match with her clinical presentation, the consulting biochemist decidedto investigate this test, and found that the glucose analyser was giving theresults in mM, but the lab assistant had assumed the results were in mg/dl. Isthis error pre-analytical, analytical or post-analytical? (d) 1 mM glucose = 18 mg/dL glucose. What is the patient’s fasting plasmaglucose in mg/dL, and is it within the normal range? (e) Describe possible consequences of this error.
50. During an in vitro experiment studying aldosterone secretion, an isolated adrenal gland is perfused with various concentrations of potassium and angiotensin II. Which of the following combinations of potassium and angiotensin II will cause the greatest increase in aldosterone secretion? Angiotensin II A) B) C) D) E) F) G) 1) Potassium Increased Increased Increased Normal Normal Normal Decreased Decreased Decreased increased unchanged decreased increased unchanged decreased increased unchanged decreased
13. A decrease in atrial natriuretic peptide will result in which of the following? Extracellular Extracellular Fluid Volume Nat Content A) OB) OC) OD) 1 ↓ 1

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