34. A donor strain of bacteria with alleles a* b* c* is infected with phages to map the donor chromosome using generalized transduction. The phage lysate from the bacterial cells is collected and used to infect a second strain of bacteria that are a b c. Bacteria with the a* allele are selected, and the percentage of cells with cotransduced b" and c* alleles are recorded. Donor Recipient Selected Cells with allele cotransduced allele (%) a* b* a bc 25 b* a* 3c Is gene b or gene c closer to gene a? Explain your reasoning.

34. A donor strain of bacteria with alleles a* b* c* is infected with phages to map the donor chromosome using generalized transduction. The phage lysate from the bacterial cells is collected and used to infect a second strain of bacteria that are a b c. Bacteria with the a* allele are selected, and the percentage of cells with cotransduced b" and c* alleles are recorded. Donor Recipient Selected Cells with allele cotransduced allele (%) a* b* a bc 25 b* a* 3c Is gene b or gene c closer to gene a? Explain your reasoning.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter17: Bacterial And Viral Genetics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1ITD

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E. coli cells are simultaneously infected with two strains of phage λ. One strain has a mutant host range, is temperature sensitive, and produces clear plaques (genotype h st c); another strain carries the wildtype alleles (genotype h+ st+ c+). Progeny phages are collected from the lysed cells and are plated on bacteria. The following numbers of different progeny phages are obtained: Progeny phage genotype Number of plaques h+ c+ st+ 321 h c st 338 h+ c st 26 h c+ st+ 30 h+ c st+ 106 h c+ st 110 h+ c+ st 5 h c st+ 6 a. Determine the order of the three genes on the phage chromosome. b. Determine the map distances between the genes. c. Determine the coefficient of coincidence and the interference
Three pairs of bacterial cells with the given genotypes undergo conjugation. Place match the genotype of each cell after conjugation to its initial genotype. F+ x F Hfr F- F' F- Answer Bank F F F+ Hfr What is the role of the F-factor in conjugation? It contains genes necessary for replication of the donor's F plasmid. can occur. It allows auxotrophic bacterial cells to survive on minimal medium so that conjugation It contains genes that force recombination between the donor and recipient chromosomes. It contains genes necessary for the formation of the pilus. O It degrades the chromosome of the recipient cell after conjugation.
The protein of T2 bacteriophage is labeled with 35S and the DNA with 32p. Where would one detect most of the 32p if the T2 bacteriophage were allowed to infect the bacteria? O on the phage coat surrounding the T2 bacteriophage on the membrane of the infected bacteria O inside the T2 bacteriophage capsid O inside the infected bacteria O The 32P would be equally distributed within the T2 bacteriophage and infected bacteria
A donor strain of bacteria with alleles a* b* c* is infected with phages to map the donor chromosome using generalized transduction. The phage lysate from the bacterial cells is collected and used to infect a second strain of bacteria that are a b c. Bacteria with the a* allele are selected, and the percentage of cells with cotransduced b* and c* alleles are recorded. Selected Cells with cotransduced Donor Recipient allele allele (%) a* b* a b c a* 25 b* c* a* 3 c* Is gene b or gene c closer to gene a? Explain your reasoning.
A donor strain of bacteria with alleles a+ b+ c+ is infected with phages to map the donor chromosome using generalized transduction. The phage lysate from the bacterial cells is collected and used to infect a second strain of bacteria that are a− b− c−. Bacteria with the a+ allele are selected, and the percentage of cells with cotransduced b+ and c+ alleles are recorded. Donor Recipient Selected allele Cells with cotransduced allele (%) a+ b+ c+ a− b− c− a+ 25 b+ a+ 3 c+ Is gene b or gene c closer to gene a? Explain your reasoning.
As described in Figure, host DNA is hydrolyzed into smallpieces, which are occasionally assembled with phage proteins, creatinga phage with bacterial chromosomal DNA. If the breakage ofthe chromosomal DNA is not random (i.e., it is more likely tobreak at certain spots as opposed to other spots), how might nonrandombreakage affect cotransduction frequency?
35. In five Hfr strains, each of which was used to build a time-of-entry map, the genes entered the recipient cells as follows: Strain 1: N O S S N A Strain 2: A P T H A N Strain 3: P T H A N O Strain 4: A N O S S N Strain 5: N A P T H A Build the map from this data and enter your result.
Below is a diagram of the general structure of the bacteriophagel chromosome. Speculate on the mechanism by which it forms aclosed ring upon infection of the host cell. 5'GGGCGGCGACCT:double@stranded region-3' 3'- double@stranded region:CCCGCCGCTGGA5'
A microbial geneticist isolates a new mutation in E. coliand wishes to map its chromosomal location. She usesinterrupted-mating experiments with Hfr strains andgeneralized-transduction experiments with phage P1.Explain why each technique, by itself, is insufficient foraccurate mapping.
Eight mutant bacteriophage strains cannot lyse a certain type of bacteria that can be lysed by wild-type bacteriophages. The mutant strains were allowed to infect the bacteria in a complementation test. A "+" indicates that lysis occurred with coinfection. A "-" indicates that lysis did not occur. GKWTMAQC G- ++++- K W T M A Q C - + +++ - ++++ - + + - + - + - - + + + A cistron is defined by no complementation in the How many genes are controlling lysis in this bacteriophage? (Use a number not a word in the space) configuration.
When a temperate phage infects a bacteria cell it O immediately undergoes the temperate lifecycle. O immediately integrates its genome into the host cell genome; when conditions are harsh, the phage excises out of the host chromosome and undergoes the lytic lifecycle. O immediately undergoes the lytic lifecycle. O can either immediately undergo the lytic lifecycle or immediately undergo the lysogenic lifecycle, and it usually undergoes the lytic lifecycle.
1. In terms of Spo11, what does it mean if twice as many genetic sequence reads map to one location than another? Explain. 2. What does it mean if genetic reads map in different locations in difgerent strains? Explain in terms of recombination hotspots.