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- Mycoplasmas are pleomorphic bacteria. How do the unique structural characteristics of mycoplasmas relate to their bacterial morphology? Mycoplasmas have a low G + C genome content. Mycoplasmas appear Gram negative when a Gram stain is performed. Mycoplasmas lack a cell wall. Mycoplasmas form colonies with a fried-egg appearance.1. What color does an acid-fast cell stain? 2. Identify two diseases that are caused by acid-fast bacteria. 3. In the endospore stain, what color do the endospores stain? 4. If you performed an endospore stain on Mycobacterium, what color cells would you expect tosee? Why? 5. How do capsules contribute to virulence of an organism? 6. Since you know what lophotrichous and amphitrichous arrangements look like, put thoseterms together to draw an amphilophotrichous bacterium. 7. Streptococcus pneumoniae that are capable of causing pneumonia are encapsulated bacteria(meaning they have a capsule). Describe what you would expect to see under themicroscope after performing a capsule stain with india ink and safranin.Answer the following questions: 1. What is the importance of capsule to a microoganism? 2. Why is it important to know if the bacteria is encapsulated or not? 3. Gives examples of spore forming baacteria
- 1. What scientific terms describe the cellular morphology and arrangement ofStaphylococcus epidermidis? 2. What scientific term describes the cellular morphology of Bacillus subtilis? 3. What scientific term describes the cellular morphology of Escherichia coli if they appearas rod-shaped cells? 4. What is the purpose of heat fixing the smear prior to direct staining? 5. What would happen if you heat fixed a smear before it air-dried? What would youexpect to see when viewing the slide using the microscope? 6. What would happen if you didn’t heat-fix a smear before performing the direct stain? What would you expect to see when viewing the slide using the microscope?Explain the importance of the Gram positve structure:- They contain a thick peptidoglycan layer and cytoplasmic lipid membrane.- These bacteria lack an outer membrane.- Have a lower lipid content and more teichoic acids.- They move around with the help of locomotion organs such as cilia and flagella.What is the proper term to describe the shape of the bacteria in this picture? Cocci Bacillus O Vibrio Spirillum Pleomorphic
- A group of bacteria are gram stained. They show up as pink. Which bacteria group is most likely present? |- cyanobacteria Il - gram-positive bacteria III- spirochaete IV - chlamydia O a) I and II O b) II Oc) I, III and IV O d) Il and IIA microbiologist is working with a pure strain of bacteria isolated from a mixed sample. Which of the following would indicate that the bacterium is NOT Helicobacter pylori? Cells have flagella when viewed by flagellar staining. Secretes acids produced from metabolism of sucrose. Cells are curved rods. Produces and secretes urease enzyme. Cells stain Gram negative.What is the most likely pathogen that is the cause of this outbreak? Enterohemorrgaigic E.coli enteropathogenic E.coli Hepatitis A Campylobacter true or false? antibiotics are contraindicated for this disease because it increases the risks of complications. unpasteurized milk is another source of this pathogen. Toxins are not involved in this disease. based on the gram stain, what can you determine about the pathogen? Gram positive cocci Gram negative cocci Gram positive bacillus Gram negative bacillus
- A farmer working on a piece of machinery gets his shirtsleeve caught in a moving piece of the equipment. His shirt is sliced, and a sharp blade covered in mud slices through his upper arm. He attempts to control the bleeding and immediately seeks medical attention. After 3 days, he develops a fever and his arm becomes extremely swollen and painful. Pulling back the bandages, he finds that the wound has become blackened and is leaking bloody fluid. Microscopic analysis of the fluid reveals the presence of gram-positive bacilli. a. Discuss what condition the patient is suffering from and the likely causative agent of this infection. b. Explain how the patient contracted this pathogenic microbe and what virulence factors contributed to the pathogenesis seen at the wound site. c. In addition to antibiotics, the physician prescribes hyperbaric therapy. Describe what this treatment involves and how it could be therapeutic to this patient.Name two methods of control of growth for Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogen in a patient with the disease and when confronted with the pathogen outside of the host. Be careful to specify if it is a physical method or a chemical method (check lecture to differentiate these two). Control of growth means how would you deal with an infection related to a person as well as how would you minimize the presence of the bacteria on a surface or object.Clostridium Botulinum Physical caracteristics Shape Arrangement Gram status? Acid fast ? Capsule? Produce Endospore? Environmental Condition required for the growth Oxygen Which of these is: Obligate aerobe, obligate anaerobe, facultative anaerobe. Temperature Which of these is: Psychrophile, Mesophile, Thermophile pH Which of these is: Acidophile, Neutralophile, Alkaliphile