1. Four genes (A,B,C,D) of a bacterium code for four enzymes (A,B,C,D), which act sequentially to catalyze the production of compound D, as follows. enzyme A enzyme B enzyme C enzyme D precursor -----> compound A -----> compound B -----> compound C -----> compound D A number of mutant strains of the bacterium are isolated, which grow only on supplemented media, as outlined below. Medium supplemented with Compound A Compound B Compound C Compound D Strain 1 No growth No growth Growth Growth Strain 2 No growth Growth Growth Growth Strain 3 No growth No growth No growth Growth a. The mutation in strain 1 is in which gene? How do you know? ✓✓ b. The mutation in strain 2 is in which gene? How do you know? ✓✓ c. The mutation in strain 3 is in which gene? How do you know? ✓✓
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- Which of the following would result in the greatest decrease in function of the catalytic triad found in serine proteases? A) Mutation to Ser, Cys, Asp B) Mutation to Ser, His, Asp C) Mutation to Cys, His, Asp D) Mutation to Ser, His, Glu E) Mutation to Cys, His, GluThe pathway shown below is used by a fungus to create Fructose-1,6-diphosphate from glucose. A silent mutation occurs in the gene that encodes enzyme 3. This fungus is grown on media that only contains the precursor. Discuss the effects of this mutation on: (i) The function of Enzyme 3 (ií) The production of Fructose-1,6-diphosphate Enzyme 1 Glucose-6- Enzyme 2 fructose-6- Enzyme 3 Fructose-1,6- Glucose phosphate phosphate diphosphateConsider the metabolic pathway show below that converts substrate A to B with the enzyme A-ase, B to C with B-ase(I), and so forth. Acety/A-ase A-ase Acetate Deacetylase D Protease B-ase C-ase A-ase ABC- What is the mechanism of regulation of B-ase? Positive allostery Reversible Covalent modification Isoenzymes Proteolytic Activation Feedback Inhibition
- Classify the following enzymes: Oxidoreductase, Hydrolase, Transferase, Lyase, Ligase, Isomerase 1. Sucrase - 2. Trypsin - 3. Catalase - 4. Aspartate aminotransferase - 5. Cellulase - 6. Ptyalin - 7. Lactase - 8. Creatinine phosphokinase - 9. 5- alpha reductase - 10. Aminopeptidase -9) Considering the enzymatic reaction catalyzed by HIV protease: Options A) hydrolysis is the net reaction observed. B) a peptide bond is cleaved on the carboxyl side of a proline residue. C) a serine residue serves as the nucleophile during the catalytic event. D) inhibitors have been designed to covalently link to the active site just like natural substrates do. E) None of the above is true. F) All of the above are true.Consider the metabolic pathway show below that converts substrate A to B with the enzyme A-ase, B to C with B-ase(I), and so forth. Acety/A-ase Acetate - A-ase Deacetylase A-ase Protease & C-ase B-ase ABCD What is the mechanism of regulation of B-ase? Positive allostery Reversible Covalent modification Isoenzymes Proteolytic Activation Feedback Inhibition 1
- The highly pathogenic anaerobic bacterium Clostridium perfringens is responsible for gas gangrene, a condition in which animal tissue structure is destroyed. This bacterium secretes an enzyme that efficiently catalyzes the hydrolysis of the peptide bond indicated in red: where X and Y are any of the 20 common amino acids. How does the secretion of this enzyme contribute to the invasiveness of this bacterium in human tissues? Why does thisenzyme not affect the bacterium itself?(a) What are the Vmax and Km (including units) for Tigerzyme? b) What are the Vmax and Km (including units) for Tigerzyme in the presenceof the inhibitor Tar Heel? (c) What are the Vmax and Km (including units) for Tigerzyme in the presenceof the inhibitor Blue Devil?Which of the following amino acids can act as nucleophiles in a protease active site (choose all that apply): a) Cysteine b) Alanine c) Leucine d) Serine e) Threonine
- 1. A metabolic pathway proceeds according to the scheme, R → S →T→U→ V→ W. A regulatory enzyme, X, catalyzes the first reaction in the pathway. Which of the following is most likely correct for this pathway? A) Either metabolite U or V is likely to be a positive modulator, increasing the activity of X. B) The first product S, is probably the primary negative modulator of X, leading to feedback inhibition. C) The last product, W, is likely to be a negative modulator of X, leading to feedback inhibition. D) The last product, W, is likely to be a positive modulator, increasing the activity of Х. E) The last reaction will be catalyzed by a second regulatory enzyme.Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent used in many household products. It is structurally similar to polychlorobiphenylol, a substrate that binds to the active site of the enzyme sulfotransferase. Based on these facts, you can conclude that triclosan most likely: lowers the activation energy of chemical reactions. functions as an enzyme when sulfotransferase is absent. is a competitive inhibitor. acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor.Describe the following through Venn diagram a) Alcohol fermentation and Lactate fermentation. b) DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase c) Active site and allosteric site