1. For a single locus with two alleles, A₁ and A₂:(a) Draw a graph (using graph paper) showing both the frequency of A₁ A2 heterozy-gotes and A₂ A₂ homozygotes, at Hardy-Weinberg frequencies, as functions of p(the frequency of A₁). Note that both p and the genotype frequencies should havevalues between 0 and 1.(b) Find the value of p above which A₁ A2 genotypes are more common than A₂42genotypes. You can solve this algebraically, or estimate it from your graphs.2. Consider three loci, A, B, and C, each with two alleles, with the frequencies of A₁, B₁,and C₁ all beingWe look at a population and find that there are four distinct haplotypes, shown here,each with a frequency of:A₁B1TTA1C₁B1A₂ B₂ATC₂A₂ B₂ C₁C₂Of the three pairs of loci (AB, AC, and BC) which pair(s) are in Gametic Equilibrium(D = 0) and which are in Gametic Disequilibrium (D ‡0)?[Hint: Consider each pair separately, ignoring the other locus. For example: for the BCpair, consider the four combinations shown (B₁C₁, B₁C2, B₂C₁, and B₂C₂) ignoringthe A locus.]

Name: 1. For a single locus with two alleles, A₁ and A₂:(a) Draw a graph (u
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Description: 1. For a single locus with two alleles, A₁ and A₂:(a) Draw a graph (using graph paper) showing both the frequency of A₁ A2 heterozy-gotes and A₂ A₂ homozygotes, at Hardy-Weinberg frequencies, as functions of p(the frequency of A₁). Note that both p

When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for a gene, it is not evolving, and allele…

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1. For a single locus with two alleles, A₁ and A₂: (a) Draw a graph (using graph paper) showing both the frequency of A₁ A₂ heterozy- gotes and A₂ A₂ homozygotes, at Hardy-Weinberg frequencies, as functions of p (the frequency of A₁). Note that both p and the genotype frequencies should have values between 0 and 1. (b) Find the value of p above which A₁ A2 genotypes are more common than A2A2 genotypes. You can solve this algebraically, or estimate it from your graphs.

1. For a single locus with two alleles, A₁ and A₂: (a) Draw a graph (using graph paper) showing both the frequency of A₁ A₂ heterozy- gotes and A₂ A₂ homozygotes, at Hardy-Weinberg frequencies, as functions of p (the frequency of A₁). Note that both p and the genotype frequencies should have values between 0 and 1. (b) Find the value of p above which A₁ A2 genotypes are more common than A2A2 genotypes. You can solve this algebraically, or estimate it from your graphs.

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9QP: Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic...

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a. Alleles of genes on the X chromosome can also be atequilibrium, but the equilibrium frequencies underthe Hardy-Weinberg assumptions must be calculatedseparately for the two sexes. For a gene with two alleles A and a at frequencies of p and q, respectively,write expressions that describe the equilibrium frequencies for all the genotypes in men and women.b. Approximately 1 in 10,000 males in the UnitedStates is afflicted with hemophilia, an X-linkedrecessive condition. If you assume that the population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, what proportion of American females would be hemophiliacs?About how many female hemophiliacs would youexpect to find among the 170 million women livingin the United States? (Assume that all females withhemophilia are homozygous for the disease allele.)
a. Two linked biallelic loci (c = 0.1) have allele frequencies pA = 0.7 and pB = 0.4. If these two sites are in linkage disequilibrium with D = -0.12, what are the expected haplotype frequencies under these conditions? b. What will the linkage disequilibrium parameter D be after 20 generations?
What is the mathematical expression for the genetic equilibrium for genes with two alleles? Is this statistical distribution the same as the statistical distribution of the respective phenotypes?
# 2 a) If sex and eye colored were viewed as two different phenotypes with male being dominant over female (or vice versa), then Mendelian ratios of a dihybrid cross may explain the ratios that Morgan got. Here is some hypothetical data based on the ratios gotten by Morgan and the expected Mendelian ratios for a dihybrid F1 cross. Perform a Chi-square test (separate scrap paper) with the null hypothesis being that the "Morgan observed ratios" are within chance from the Mendelian ratios. State whether the Chi-square test supports or rejects the null hypothesis and explain. (Be sure t include the X2 value, degrees of freedom, critical value.) Hint: what did Morgan discover? Think about this for your degrees of freedom. * Expected Mendelian Ratios Morgan Observed Ratios 900 Red, male 800 Red, male 300 Red, female 400 Red, female 400 white, male 300 white, maile O white, female 100 white, female Schoology Support | Schoology Blog | PRIVACY POLICY | Terms of Use INTL
#2 a) If sex and eye colored were viewed as two different phenotypes with male being dominant over female (or vice versa), then Mendelian ratios of a dihybrid cross may explain the ratios that Morgan got. Here is some hypothetical data based on the ratios gotten by Morgan and the expected Mendelian ratios for a dihybrid F1 cross. Perform a Chi-square test (separate scrap paper) with the null hypothesis being that the "Morgan observed ratios" are within chance from the Mendelian ratios. State whether the Chi-square test supports or rejects the null hypothesis and explain. (Be sure to include the X2 value, degrees of freedom, critical value.) Hint: what did Morgan discover? Think about this for your degrees of freedom.* Expected Mendelian Ratios Morgan Observed Ratios 900 Red, male 800 Red, male 300 Red, female 400 Red, female 300 white, male 400 white, male O white, female 100 white, female Terms of Use Support | Schoology Blog | PRIVACY POLICY IN
There are two types of alleles: Type B1 and Type B2 (In total there are 10) Type B1 has 6 Type B2 has 4 Question: What is the probability of an individual in the offspring generation being homozygous [p^2] for B1? What is the probability of an individual in the offspring generation being homozygous [q^2] for B2? What is the probability of an individual in the offspring gen being heterozygous[2pq]?
4) The round pea seed allele (R) is dominant, while the wrinkled pea seed allele (r) isrecessive. A heterozygous round-seeded pea plant is crossed with a wrinkle-seeded peaplant. Use a Punnett Square to solve the following: a. Determine the predicted genotype ratio of the offspring. b. Determine the predicted phenotype ratio of the offspring. c. If this cross produced 50 plants, how many plants would you predict would bewrinkle-seeded pea plants? please if punnet square needed write down the P G and F1 also thanks
Butterflies show 3 phenotypes due to incomplete dominance at the D locus with alleles DY and DB giving green phenotype in heterozygotes and yellow and blue in homozygotes a) A population of butterflies showed 49% yellow, and 51% blue and green. What percentage of the gametes for the next generation would contain the DB allele? b) In another population only 1% of the butterflies are blue, What is the DY allele frequency? c) If the butterflies were subject to predation by birds that could easily detect blue & yellow individuals what effect would you expect this to have on the genotype and allele frequencies over time? Indicate possible percentages.
Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MN blood group locus (see Question 2 for a description of the MN blood group) in a small human population. You find that for 1-year-old children, the genotypic frequencies are MM = 0.25, MN = 0.5, and NN = 0.25, whereas the genotypic frequencies for adults are MM = 0.3, MN = 0.4, and NN = 0.3. a. Compute the M and N allele frequencies for 1-year-olds and adults. b. Are the allele frequencies in equilibrium in this population? c. Are the genotypic frequencies in equilibrium?
A population of 40 asters segregating at two loci with two alleles each (A/T and G/C) has 8 individuals with the AAGGgenotype. The allele frequencies of A and G are 0.5 and 0.5 in the population. What is the coefficient of gametic disequilibrium, D? What is the value of Lewontin’s D’? (that is “D prime”)
Given the following testcross data for corn in which the genes for fine stripe (f), bronze aleurone (bz) and knotted leaf (Kn) are involved: PhenotypeNumber Kn + +451 Kn f +134 + + + 97 + f bz436 Kn + bz18 + + bz119 + f +24 Kn f bz86 Total:1,365 Maize geneticists tend to be like Drosophila geneticists utilizing a + to indicate the wild type allele (which also is dominant) and a lower case letter for the mutant allele (which is recessive). The first thing I suggest in attacking this problem is to use the typical convention of upper case letters for dominant alleles and lower case letters for recessive alleles as follows: F = wild type, f = fine stripe; B = wild type, b = bronze aleurone K = wild type, k = knotted leaf Then we can rewrite the phenotypes in a “language” that is more easily understood: PhenotypeNumber k F B451 k f B134 K F B97 K f b436 k F b18 K F b119 K f B24 k f b86 Total:1,365 a) Determine the sequence (order) of the…
Consider a locus with two alleles, A and a. If the frequency of AA is 0.30, what is the frequency of A under Hardy-Weinberg?