1. Ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether are isomers. However, they differ in their dipole moment. Which statement is TRUE? a. Dimethyl ether has a lower dipole moment than ethyl alcohol. b. Ethyl alcohol has a lower dipole moment than dimethyl ether. c. Ethyl alcohol has a greater bond dipole than dimethyl ether. d. Dimethyl ether has a greater bond dipole than ethyl alcohol. 2. Carbocation stability is important in reaction mechanisms involving alcohols. Based on the general structure of alcohols, rank the carbocation stability of alcohols (increasing trend) if a central carbon is the point of reference. a. Tertiary alcohol > Secondary alcohol > Primary alcohol b. Tertiary alcohol > Primary alcohol > Secondary alcohol c. Secondary alcohol > Tertiary alcohol > Primary alcohol d. Primary alcohol > Secondary alcohol > Tertiary alcohol
Reactions of Ethers
Ethers (R-O-R’) are compounds formed by replacing hydrogen atoms of an alcohol (R-OH compound) or a phenol (C6H5OH) by an aryl/ acyl group (functional group after removing single hydrogen from an aromatic ring). In this section, reaction, preparation and behavior of ethers are discussed in the context of organic chemistry.
Epoxides
Epoxides are a special class of cyclic ethers which are an important functional group in organic chemistry and generate reactive centers due to their unusual high reactivity. Due to their high reactivity, epoxides are considered to be toxic and mutagenic.
Williamson Ether Synthesis
An organic reaction in which an organohalide and a deprotonated alcohol forms ether is known as Williamson ether synthesis. Alexander Williamson developed the Williamson ether synthesis in 1850. The formation of ether in this synthesis is an SN2 reaction.
Answer the following:
1. Ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether are isomers. However, they differ in their
dipole moment. Which statement is TRUE?
a. Dimethyl ether has a lower dipole moment than ethyl alcohol.
b. Ethyl alcohol has a lower dipole moment than dimethyl ether.
c. Ethyl alcohol has a greater bond dipole than dimethyl ether.
d. Dimethyl ether has a greater bond dipole than ethyl alcohol.
2. Carbocation stability is important in reaction mechanisms involving alcohols.
Based on the general structure of alcohols, rank the carbocation stability of
alcohols (increasing trend) if a central carbon is the point of reference.
a. Tertiary alcohol > Secondary alcohol > Primary alcohol
b. Tertiary alcohol > Primary alcohol > Secondary alcohol
c. Secondary alcohol > Tertiary alcohol > Primary alcohol
d. Primary alcohol > Secondary alcohol > Tertiary alcohol
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