1) Discuss the formation of ABH antigens 2) Enumerate the components of CPDA-1 and discuss their respective functions
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1) Discuss the formation of ABH antigens
2) Enumerate the components of CPDA-1 and discuss their respective functions
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps with 1 images
- .A table comparing the biological characteristics of the five classes of immunoglobulins is shown below. Answer yes or no in the spaces provided, (You can draw the table in your answer paper) IgE IgD Biological activity a) Activates classical complement pathway b) Present on the membrane of the mature B cells c) Present in secretions d) Induces mast-cell degranulation e) Crosses placenta IgG IgA IgM2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12868-022-00692-1 (link to research) a) In the immunohistochemistry section of the materials and methods section the authors wrote “The number of positive cells in hotspot areas in ten high power fields (HPFs) in areas of demyelination and plaques in the brain stem were counted using the image analysis software (Lecia Application Suite Version 4.12.0, Welzlar, Germany).” Why were they looking at demyelination areas for this study? b) In the effect of mitoxantrone on histopathological changes in the brain section of the results section the authors wrote “Active plaques revealed inflammatory cellular infiltrates with abundant macrophages stuffed with myelin debris, an evidence of ongoing myelin breakdown.” What does macrophages stuffed with myelin debris have to do with the study?Describe Class I MHC pathway of antigen processing and presentation. Highlight the functions of the TAP proteins and proteasome.
- Discuss in detail the role of CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1; compare and contrast the two pathways in immunotherapy. Do the two pathways play a complementary and/or synergistic roles? Give an example of 1 approved drug for each pathway along with information on immunogenicity, route of administration, dosing regimen, and key PK parameters such as half-life and clearance.36) Autoantibodies associated with thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus are() A Anti-Sm antibody B Anti-SSA antibody C Anti-cardiolipin antibody D Anti-dsDNA antibody E Anti-nRNPantibodyExplain the three mechanisms of graft rejections: (i) Hyperacute rejection (ii) Acute rejection (iii) Chronic rejection
- Outline the typical immunophenotypic features of peripheral B cells in: (i) X-linked Agammaglobulinaemia. (ii) CD40L (CD154) deficiency.Discuss the process of immunosuppression in patients with viral infections, specifically those with HIV infection.1:Describe the various stages of T cells and the events that occur during each of these stages during T cell development. What stages of T cell development would be affected in mice with the following genetic mutations? Justify your answer. a) Mice that do not express MHC Class I molecule. b) Mice that do not express Rag1 c) Mice that do not express the pre-T-alpha chain 2:Transgenic mice that have constitutive expression of Rag1/2 are being used in an experiment to study pre-BCR signaling. Based on your knowledge of early B cell development, speculate on what might be the fate of BCR rearrangement and how will this affect further development of B cells in the bone marrow? please answer in full detail I want long well explained answers.
- 10. Following a rattiesnake bite, a patient is injected with horse anti-rattlesnake venom serum. Ten days later, he has general weakness, headaches, muscular and joint pains, and dark urine. Laboratory studies show proteinuria. Serum concentrations of immunoglobulins are within the reference range, but serum C3 and C4 concentrations are decreased. Which of the following is the most likely pathologic process? A) Anaphylactic reaction ( Dj Delayed hypersensitivity to horse proteins (✔ Formation of antigen-antibody complexes containing horse proteins and/human immunoglobulins Formation of antigen-antibody complexes containing snake venom proteins and horse antibody Systemic reaction to snake venom Senum Sichness туре !!! Суренийнis (CLAn adaptive immune response underlying coeliac disease pathogenesis involves: a) Production of Th1 (T helper cell 1 type) cytokines that act to promote the production of antibodies to gluten peptides b) Production of anti-gliadin and anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies via TH2 cytokines c) Conversion of glutamate to glutamine by deamination d) The early recognition of gluten peptides via pattern recognition receptors on epithelial cells and the subsequent release of Interleukin 15Can S-layer proteins be detected by immunolabelling when a capsule is present? How do you know? I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/