DNA Technology - gel electrophoresis lab Biol 100L worksheet-1
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DNA Technology: GEL ELECTROPHORESIS Lab for Bio 100 Lab Name: Date: You are going to walk through a Simulation that introduces the steps and techniques of sorted DNA fragments called Gel Electrophoresis. Begin by opening a free lab site hosted by Harvard, if this is your first time at this site you will need to sign up (it’s free) and open M07 Lab DNA Technology – 2. Gel Electrophoresis at this link: https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:9548bee3:lx_simulation:1 Choose Level 1 and Start simulation: Context: 1.
Gel Electrophoresis is used to separate biomolecules, like DNA, according to what two properties? Size and electrical charge 2.
In general, an electric current will be applied to the gel and the charged molecules with move in which direction? Towards the oppositely charged electrode 3.
Since DNA fragments all have a similar negative charge they will move in which direction specifically? Towards the positive electrode 4.
Which will move farther through the gel pores, smaller or larger fragments? Smaller Materials: 1.
What does reagents mean? Which will be used in this simulation? Chemicals that can be used in the experiment. S1, S2, S3 solution & 1x sodium borate buffer
2.
What is micropipetting equipment used for? They are used to measure small volumes. 3.
What is the overall purpose of electrophoresis equipment? They sort molecules by size and charge. 4.
What two pieces of other equipment will be used? Microcentrifuge & trash Predictions: Follow the directions and pull each gel to the position you think it well be at the end of the simulation and take a partial screen shot and place here:
Protocol (order) that will be used in this simulation: 1.
__Prepare__ the electrophoresis box. 2.
__Centrifuge___ the solution tubes. 3.
Draw up solution __1__. 4.
___Pipette______ solution 1 into well 1. 5.
Pipette other solutions into the remaining __wells__. 6.
___Conduct___ gel electrophoresis. Work your way through the protocol pages 1 through 6. 1.
Place a partial screen shot here of the micropipette volume screen once set for use (be careful, the red number is a tenth position so you want 10.0): 2.
Record which well you pipetted each sample into? Sample 1 : Well 1 Sample 2: Well 2 Sample 3: Well 3 3.
Take a partial screen shot of the adjusted power supply controls, with Voltage at 130 V and time at 10 minutes (You do not want to adjust the current or power):
Your preview ends here
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Related Questions
BIOTECHNOLGY
Date:
Name:
Instructor:
Section/Group:.
POST-LAB QUESTIONS
1. In one or two sentences, summarize the technique of gel electrophoresis.
2. How does the process of gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments?
3. Why is the fact that DNA has a negative charge so important in the gel electrophoresis process?
Biotechnology 165
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Copy and paste the link below and watch the video on Youtube and Answer the Questionshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-dNJdOvBM4
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Questions:
1. What are the materials used for the polymerase chain reaction?
2. Draw a schematic diagram of the procedure in PCR.
3. Why is it important to design the primers at the start of the laboratory procedure?
4. What are the components of the PCR buffer and what is its pH range? What is the purpose of the buffer?
5. What is the use for magnesium chloride?
6. How much template DNA is added? What is the concentration of the primers?
7. At what temperatures does denaturation, annealing and extension occur? Why are the processes placed in that temperature?
8. In this particular PCR experiment, how many cycles was used?
9. Can this PCR be used on its own to find out if a person has Covid or not on its own? Why or why not?
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DNA EXTRACTION
Materials:
knife 1 cup of fruit
Table salt clean piece of cloth or strainer for filtering
resealable bag dishwashing liquid
70% rubbing alcohol (chilled) shot glass (or any transparent and narrow container resembling a test tube)
How to do the extraction:
Before you begin, make sure you have chilled your alcohol in the freezer for at least 3 hours. Room temperature alcohol will not work nearly as well as cold alcohol. Place about 50 mL of alcohol in the freezer to chill it and take it out only when you’re going to need it. (The alcohol will not actually freeze.)
1. The first thing you will need is a sample. Since DNA is found in all living…
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Lab Report 6 worksheets 314 F22 .DOCX
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Summary
Grades for Arysta Visser: 23 x M Uh-oh! There's a problem w X b The restriction EcoRI cleaves X + Untitled spreadsheet - Goog X
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mKY1HIgMPRh1kRDCmX7msBF2yf07-ogT/edit
Outline
Headings you add to the document will
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Times ...
12 + B I U
2
18. The restriction EcoRI cleaves double-stranded DNA at the sequence 5'-GAATTC-3', the
restriction enzyme HindIII cleaves at the sequence 5'-AAGCTT-3', and the restriction enzyme
BamHI cleaves at 5'GGATCC-3. An 805 bp circular plasmid is digested with each enzyme
individually and then in combination, and the resulting fragment sizes are determined by
means of electrophoresis. The results are as follows:
1
Restriction Enzyme(s)
EcoRI
BamHI
HindIII
EcoRI and BamHI
EcoRI and HindIII
BamHI and HindIII
3
Practice
====•=•€ EX
Fragment lengths (base pairs)
430 bp, 375 bp
470 bp, 335 bp
Lab Report 6…
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what is the
|usage of DNA
separation in gel
electrophoresis
please write the
resources under
the answer
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You need to complete the following steps for an experiment. Explain whether an acrylamide gel or an agarose gel is more appropriate to use for the following experiments.
Purifying tRNA from total RNA
Isolating a vector insert for cloning
Analyzing PCR products
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A elearn.squ.edu.om/mod/quiz/attempt.php?attempt-D1335328&cmid%3D6971498&page%=D1
System (Academic)
Answer:
If a sequence of DNA has 20% Guanine bases how many Adenines would it have?
Select one:
О а. 10%
ОБ.20%
O c. 30%
O d. 40%
O e. 50%
A scientist noticed that his sample of cvanobacteria moves towards the side of the petn di
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Transcribed Image Text:Complete the following tasks. You discovered that a species of bacteria can break down StyrofoamT (polystyrene) products due to an enzyme it produces, polystyrenase. You wish to study the gene that codes for this enzyme. Task 1: DNA Extraction To begin work on the bacterium, you begin by extracting its genomic DNA (GDNA). What is the purpose of the following procedures? Answer briefly but completely. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate, a detergent Answer: а. b. Adding RNase A and Proteinase K during extraction Answer: c. Adding ethanol before recovering the DNA extract С. Answer: Task 2: Polymerase Chain Reaction After purifying the gDNA extract, you want to isolate and amplify the polystyrenase gene. You perform PCR using the appropriate gene-targeted primers. What is the purpose of the following PCR components? Answer briefly but completely. DNA polymerase isolated from Thermus aquaticus Answer: а. b. Deoxynucleotide triphosphates (DNTPS) Answer: С. Forward and…
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Can you please check my answer and make sure it is correct.
Question: List the ingredients of master mix, and state the purpose of each ingredient.
Answer:
Taq DNA polymerase
This enzyme synthesizes the complementary strand of the DNA template after attaching to the primer. This means that it adds on free nucleotides to the existing strand, but helps speed up the covalent bonding between these newly added nucleotides. This enzyme is also thermally stable meaning that it can withstand the hot temperatures needed for PCR to occur. This hot temperature is needed for the denaturation step when the double stranded DNA has to be unwound and separated into two strands.
Individual building blocks of DNA (either free nucleotides A, T, C, and G or dNTP’s)
These nucleotides are needed to build the complementary strand of DNA
A special buffer to maintain the optimal pH, salts, and MgCl2
These buffers help maintain a good pH that doesn’t become too acidic or basic for Taq DNA polymerase to…
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Gel Electrophoresis Background and Protocol:
Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique that separates molecules by size using an electric current. The test has a positive and negative side. Do you believe DNA should be loaded on the positive (red) side or the negative (black) side? Please explain why using scientific reasoning.
Will larger DNA bands be closer or farther away from the well where you administered samples? Why?
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The algorithm or tool in MEGA that is used for multiple sequence alignment of nucleotide/DNA sequences.
ClustalX
T-coffee
MUSCLE
Clustal W
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Figure 9-22 shows the first steps in the process of making a DNA microarray, or DNA chip, using photolithography. Describe the remaining steps needed to obtain the desired sequences (a different fournucleotide sequence on each of the four spots) shown in the first panel of the figure. After each step, give the resulting nucleotide sequence attached at each spot.
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Sample Gel Electrophoresis:
A brother and sister's DNA are cut with the same
restriction enzyme and then the resulting DNA fragments are
run on a gel next to each other.
DRAW THE BANDS on the gel where they would appear:
Carissa's DNA was cut into 4 pieces:
The pieces were 20 base pairs long, 10bp long, 8 and 5.
Christopher's DNA was cut into 5 pieces:
They were 25 bp long, 10, 8 and the last two pieces were
both 2 bp long.
You can make a scole to helo you>
13. What did you do about the 2 DNA fragments that were
both 5 base pairs long?
14. How many DNA fragment sizes do these kids have in
common?
Carissa
M Christopher
Smith
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DNA extraction, PCR, gel electrophoresis, and DNA sequencing of PCR products. Give a description of these methods and the materials required to perform each of these molecular techniques
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ule 11 Making Cells – 202
Bb Module 11 Making Cells - 2021 X
Bb Take Test: "Lab 11 Homework - X
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"highways" to
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B. "staple" that
holds DNA
copies together
C. DNA that is same length and has
same instructions; one from mother
and one from father
Click Save and Submit to save and submit. Click Save All Answers to save all answers.
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Question:-
When large genomes are sequenced, which of the following is true?
Group of answer choices
The genomes are converted from RNA to cDNA using reverse transcriptase, and then the cDNA is sequenced.
The genomes are fragmented, the DNA fragments are sequenced by any number of methods, and the sequences assembled to provide the original complete genome.
Sanger dideoxy sequencing is never used – instead, only nanopore sequencing is used.
The assembled sequences must have all gaps closed if the genome is to be useful for the research community.
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DNA Extraction by Alkaline Lysis
Procedure:
1. Spin 1.5 ml of cells in a microcentrifuge at maximum speed (12,000 rpm) for 20s to
pellet. Remove the supernatant completely with a Pasteur pipet or a plastic pipettor tip.
The spins can be performed at FC or at room temperature. Longer spins make it difficult
to resuspend cells.
2 Resuspend pellet in 100pul GTE solution and let sit 5 min at room temperature. Be sure
cells are completely resuspended.
3. Add 200ul NaOH/SDS solution, mix by tapping tube with finger, and place on ice for 5
min.
4.
Add 150ul potassium acetate solution and vortex at maximum speed for 2s to mix.
Place on ice for 5-15 min. Be sure mixing is complete.
5. Spin 3 min at 12,000 rpm to pellet cell debris and chromosomal DNA
6. Transfer 0.4 ml supernatant to a fresh tube, mix it with 0.8 ml of 95% ethanol or 0.4
ml isopropanol, and let sit 2 min at room temperature precipitate nucleic acids.
7. Spin at 12,000rpm for 3 min at room temperature to pellet plasmid DNA and…
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Task B [5 points]: Sanger sequencing
Having successfully amplified the NRAS gene from wild-type and cancerous tissue through PCR,
you now sent your PCR product for sequencing. However, the only available technology to you
is classical Sanger sequencing or the dideoxy chain termination method, explained in Figure 2.
Shown below are the sequencing gels obtained for the sections of the wild-type and mutant NRAS
genes where the mutation can be found.
WILD-TYPE NRAS
MUTANT NRAS
ddA
ddT
ddC
ddG
ddA
ddT
ddC ddG
1. Determine the 5'-to-3' sequence of the wild-type TEMPLATE strand.
Answer: 5'
3'
2. Using the codon table given below, determine the…
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Task A: Polymerase Chain Reaction Master Mix Your first task is to isolate and amplify the NRAS gene from cDNA extracted from different samples through PCR. You will need to run a total of 7 PCRs: 3 normal samples, 3 cancerous samples, and 1 negative control. To make things easier in the lab, when running multiple reactions, the components are prepared not individually, but as a master mix—all the components for multiple reactions are prepared in bulk, except for the template DNA, which is added separately once the master mix has been distributed into individual tubes. The table below lists the different components for PCR, the available stock concentrations of these components, and the needed working concentrations for the PCR itself. Complete the table by supplying the needed volumes of each component for a single reaction and for the master mix (the first row has been filled in as an example).
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Procedure:
1. Using the DNA provided transcribe DNA into mRNA.
2. Use the mRNA strand you created and break it up into codons.
3. Plug the codons into the amino acid chart to determine the correct amino acid needed
to build that protein.
4. Identify the protein you made by comparing the sequence to the pictures
5. Answer the questions for each protein molecule you build before moving on to the next.
Protein 1:
DNA
A AGACCGTATAC
mRNA
Amino Acid
Sequence
1. Which kind of protein molecule did this gene make?
2 How does this protein help the body maintain homeostasis2
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Answer:
Task 2: Polymerase Chain Reaction
After purifying the gDNA extract, you want to isolate and amplify the polystyrenase gene. You perform PCR
using the appropriate gene-targeted primers. What is the purpose of the following PCR components? Answer
briefly but completely.
DNA polymerase isolated from Thermus aquaticus
Answer:
a.
b. Deoxynucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs)
Answer:
Forward and reverse primers
Answer:
с.
Task 3: Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
Your amplicon from PCR was subjected to AGE for analysis. You are shown the image of the gel loaded
with the following lanes: (A) negative control, (B) size ladder (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10 kb), (C) GDNA extract, (D)
PCR amplicon. However, due to mishaps while loading the gel with the samples, you are not sure which lane
is which. You are shown a diagram of the obtained gel below.
a.
Label each lane of the gel. Write only the corresponding letters in the wells above.
b.
Above each band in the size ladder, write its size (in kb).
c.…
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Question. Rewrite the following sentences after correction. (Subject: Biotechnology)
The variation in the length of tandem repeat of microsatellite DNA has serious translational affects as this is due to its coding region.
Correct:
If one parent has sickle cell anemia and other has carrier genotype than there is 25 % chance that any offspring is carrier.
Correct:
Sickled WBC block the flow of blood and Calcium as they stick together and caused by frame shift mutation.
Correct:
The N1303K mutation in the CFTR gene of CF patients is autosomal dominant disorder due to insertion of asparagine at 1303.
Correct:
If a person RBCs have B surface antigen and it will clump with antigen B such clumping indicates Blood type B.
Correct:
Indirect ELISA can detect polygenic gene expression.
Correct:
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Can you please check my answer and make sure it is correct.
Question: Describe the two roles primers play in PCR.
Answer:
Primers are short sequences of single stranded DNA that mark both the ends of the target sequence to be amplified during PCR. One primer attaches to the top strand at one end (forward primer) and the other one attaches to the bottom strand at the other end of the segment (reverse primer). They are made specifically to attach to these sections of DNA because the nucleotides of the primers are complementary to the target sequence. Other than marking the starting and end points for PCR, primers are also necessary for the process because without them, DNA polymerase wouldn’t be able to synthesize the complementary strand of DNA because it can only add nucleotides to an existing piece.
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Directions: The following story is about a crime solved through biotechnological techniques. The techniques used are DNA fingerprinting and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA fingerprinting is a technique in which an individual’s DNA is analyzed to reveal the pattern of particular short nucleotide sequences. This pattern is claimed to be unique to the individual concerned and can thus be used for identification purposes. Polymerase chain reaction, on the other hand, is a technique used to replicate a DNA fragment so as to produce many copies of a particular DNA sequence. Why do you think there’s a need to generate several copies of the DNA? You will learn the answers to this as you go through the story. Read the story carefully and answer the questions that follow.
Questions:
1. How did the investigators conclude that the suspect was indeed the murderer?
2. What if a strand of hair was found in the truck bed instead of a seed pod, do you think it will still lead to the…
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Question:-
Is DNA sequencing a in vivo, in vitro and/or in silico?
What product(s) is/are formed in DNA sequencing and how and where would the reaction begin? Also, what raw materials are needed?
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What enzyme proofreads the DNA molecule?
Group of answer choices
DNA gyrase
DNA polymerase I
DNA helicase
DNA polymerase III
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ersonal/eenongen_my_tnstate_edu/_layouts/15/doc.aspx?sourcedoc={a6b083c9-a226-4c31... ☆
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During nucleic acid hybridization, the probe is labelled
Question 1 options:
for DNA stability
to increase probe-test DNA binding
to identify the location of probe and the test DNA
binding
for amplification
Question 2
6.
9.
10
IV
13
14
Which of the following best describes the trait in the pedigree?
Question 2 options:
X-linked dominant
X-linked recessive
autosomal domiant
autosomal recessive
ON
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acconline.austincc.edu/ultra/courses/_891351_1/cl/outline
Match each of the following with the best answer choice:
M.
direction template strand is read in
K.
direction mRNA is synthesized in
non-template DNA strand that corresponds to mRNA codons except in DNA code
template DNA strand that corresponds to tRNA anticodons except in DNA code
primary enzyme responsible for catalyzing transcription
transcription initiation site in DNA
proteins which aid in the binding of RNA polymerase
type of pre-mRNA modification
non-coding intervening sequence in mRNA
protein coding sequence in mRNA
primary cellular structure responsible for translation
Unit 3
X
protein which binds to A site in the ribosome to end translation
type of mutation that results in a premature stop codon
type of mutation that results in a different amino acid
silent, nonsense, and missense…
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Electrophoresis data: Measure the distance (in millimeters) that each fragment traveled from the
well and record it in the tabie. Estimate its size, in base pairs, by comparing its position to the
Hindll lambda DNA markers. Remember: some lanes will have fewer than 6 fragments.
H = Hindll
Largest
fragment
first
P Pstl
E = EcoRI
L = lambda
DNA- no
restriction digest restriction digest restriction digest
of lambda DNA
M = DNA marker
of lambda DNA
enzyme
of lambda DNA
Estmated
base pairs
Distance
in mm
Estimated
base pairs
Distance
in mm
Estimated
base pa rs
Distance
inmm
Estimated
base pairs
Dislance
Distance
in mm
Actual
base pairs
5 mm
58 mm
54
nm
26.5m 23.130
49m
Band 1
69 mm
32.
96 Mm
Band 2
9.416
39 hm
120mm
87 mM
Band 3
6.557
41 mm
127m
1.00mm
Band 4
4.361
1.08m
Band 5
2,322
1482m
65mm
2,027
Band 6
Step 3. Now using the standard curve you created in the pre-lab exercises and the distances you measured above,
predict the sizes of each fragment based on the distances traveled by…
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- BIOTECHNOLGY Date: Name: Instructor: Section/Group:. POST-LAB QUESTIONS 1. In one or two sentences, summarize the technique of gel electrophoresis. 2. How does the process of gel electrophoresis separate DNA fragments? 3. Why is the fact that DNA has a negative charge so important in the gel electrophoresis process? Biotechnology 165arrow_forwardCopy and paste the link below and watch the video on Youtube and Answer the Questionshttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g-dNJdOvBM4 Polymerase Chain Reaction Questions: 1. What are the materials used for the polymerase chain reaction? 2. Draw a schematic diagram of the procedure in PCR. 3. Why is it important to design the primers at the start of the laboratory procedure? 4. What are the components of the PCR buffer and what is its pH range? What is the purpose of the buffer? 5. What is the use for magnesium chloride? 6. How much template DNA is added? What is the concentration of the primers? 7. At what temperatures does denaturation, annealing and extension occur? Why are the processes placed in that temperature? 8. In this particular PCR experiment, how many cycles was used? 9. Can this PCR be used on its own to find out if a person has Covid or not on its own? Why or why not?arrow_forwardDNA EXTRACTION Materials: knife 1 cup of fruit Table salt clean piece of cloth or strainer for filtering resealable bag dishwashing liquid 70% rubbing alcohol (chilled) shot glass (or any transparent and narrow container resembling a test tube) How to do the extraction: Before you begin, make sure you have chilled your alcohol in the freezer for at least 3 hours. Room temperature alcohol will not work nearly as well as cold alcohol. Place about 50 mL of alcohol in the freezer to chill it and take it out only when you’re going to need it. (The alcohol will not actually freeze.) 1. The first thing you will need is a sample. Since DNA is found in all living…arrow_forward
- וןווד ← Q Lab Report 6 worksheets 314 F22 .DOCX File Edit View Insert Format Tools Help A 100% ¿ Summary Grades for Arysta Visser: 23 x M Uh-oh! There's a problem w X b The restriction EcoRI cleaves X + Untitled spreadsheet - Goog X https://docs.google.com/document/d/1mKY1HIgMPRh1kRDCmX7msBF2yf07-ogT/edit Outline Headings you add to the document will appear here. Normal text Times ... 12 + B I U 2 18. The restriction EcoRI cleaves double-stranded DNA at the sequence 5'-GAATTC-3', the restriction enzyme HindIII cleaves at the sequence 5'-AAGCTT-3', and the restriction enzyme BamHI cleaves at 5'GGATCC-3. An 805 bp circular plasmid is digested with each enzyme individually and then in combination, and the resulting fragment sizes are determined by means of electrophoresis. The results are as follows: 1 Restriction Enzyme(s) EcoRI BamHI HindIII EcoRI and BamHI EcoRI and HindIII BamHI and HindIII 3 Practice ====•=•€ EX Fragment lengths (base pairs) 430 bp, 375 bp 470 bp, 335 bp Lab Report 6…arrow_forwardwhat is the |usage of DNA separation in gel electrophoresis please write the resources under the answerarrow_forwardYou need to complete the following steps for an experiment. Explain whether an acrylamide gel or an agarose gel is more appropriate to use for the following experiments. Purifying tRNA from total RNA Isolating a vector insert for cloning Analyzing PCR productsarrow_forward
- A elearn.squ.edu.om/mod/quiz/attempt.php?attempt-D1335328&cmid%3D6971498&page%=D1 System (Academic) Answer: If a sequence of DNA has 20% Guanine bases how many Adenines would it have? Select one: О а. 10% ОБ.20% O c. 30% O d. 40% O e. 50% A scientist noticed that his sample of cvanobacteria moves towards the side of the petn diarrow_forwardTranscribed Image Text:Complete the following tasks. You discovered that a species of bacteria can break down StyrofoamT (polystyrene) products due to an enzyme it produces, polystyrenase. You wish to study the gene that codes for this enzyme. Task 1: DNA Extraction To begin work on the bacterium, you begin by extracting its genomic DNA (GDNA). What is the purpose of the following procedures? Answer briefly but completely. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate, a detergent Answer: а. b. Adding RNase A and Proteinase K during extraction Answer: c. Adding ethanol before recovering the DNA extract С. Answer: Task 2: Polymerase Chain Reaction After purifying the gDNA extract, you want to isolate and amplify the polystyrenase gene. You perform PCR using the appropriate gene-targeted primers. What is the purpose of the following PCR components? Answer briefly but completely. DNA polymerase isolated from Thermus aquaticus Answer: а. b. Deoxynucleotide triphosphates (DNTPS) Answer: С. Forward and…arrow_forwardt (5 a 1 dao) - Google Chrome edu.om/mod/quiz/attempt.php?attempt=2334320&cmid=1127808 SQU E-LEARNING SYSTEM (ACAI الوقت المتبقي 0.175mm .e O In the DNA extraction experiment, the separation of DNA from its packaging protein can be achieved by the addition of Detergent aO 1.00 Salt b O هذا السؤال Ethyl alcohol cO Papain powder .d O Cold water Le O In paramecium, osmoregulation occurs through 3 Activate Windowssk Macronucleus Goaotings to acttivate do nere to search 6. 70°F Mostly sunny 9:05 ENG 12/18 f2 O f3 O f4 O f6 O f8 end f7 0 F10 insert f9 D F12 T num IA break @ %24 & 8 2 3 r 4 5 6 7 8 A 9 9 R Y ! U S F G J K +|| 回 Q 以 4arrow_forward
- Can you please check my answer and make sure it is correct. Question: List the ingredients of master mix, and state the purpose of each ingredient. Answer: Taq DNA polymerase This enzyme synthesizes the complementary strand of the DNA template after attaching to the primer. This means that it adds on free nucleotides to the existing strand, but helps speed up the covalent bonding between these newly added nucleotides. This enzyme is also thermally stable meaning that it can withstand the hot temperatures needed for PCR to occur. This hot temperature is needed for the denaturation step when the double stranded DNA has to be unwound and separated into two strands. Individual building blocks of DNA (either free nucleotides A, T, C, and G or dNTP’s) These nucleotides are needed to build the complementary strand of DNA A special buffer to maintain the optimal pH, salts, and MgCl2 These buffers help maintain a good pH that doesn’t become too acidic or basic for Taq DNA polymerase to…arrow_forwardGel Electrophoresis Background and Protocol: Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory technique that separates molecules by size using an electric current. The test has a positive and negative side. Do you believe DNA should be loaded on the positive (red) side or the negative (black) side? Please explain why using scientific reasoning. Will larger DNA bands be closer or farther away from the well where you administered samples? Why?arrow_forwardThe algorithm or tool in MEGA that is used for multiple sequence alignment of nucleotide/DNA sequences. ClustalX T-coffee MUSCLE Clustal Warrow_forward
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Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning