Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 7, Problem 9RQ
GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of
- isocitrate into
ketoglutarate - succinyl CoA into succinate
- fumarate into malate
- malate into oxaloacetate
Expert Solution & Answer
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Students have asked these similar questions
In which of the following metabolic conversions is ATP “generated” during glycolysis?
Phosphoenolpyruvate -> pyruvate
2-Phosphoglycerate —> Phosphoenolpyruvate
Glucose-6-phosphate —> Fructose-6-phosphate
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate —> Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Fructose-6-phosphate —> Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Below is an image of the Krebs cycle:
acetyl-CoA
oxaloacetate
COASH
H20
NADH
NAD*
H20
malate
citrate
fumarate
isocitrate
FADH2
NAD*
CO2
FAD
АТР
NADH +
ADP
succinate
GTP
NAD+ a-ketoglutarate
H20
GDP
NADH +
CO2
COASH
succinyl CoA
COASH
Consider the conversion of succinate to fumarate, which is coupled with the
production the electron carrier FADH2. If this reaction was NOT coupled with the
production of FADH2 (and only catalyzed the conversion of succinate to fumarate),
how would this impact ATP production through cell respiration?
OATP production would stop because no high energy electron carriers would be
produced
ATP production would still occur, but there would be a much lower ATP yield
because a large number of electron carriers are no longer being made
ATP production would stop because without FADH2 we will no longer have
electrons moving through the electron transport chain
ATP production would still occur, but there would be a slightly lower ATP yield
because a small number of…
Which reaction below in the glycolytic pathway has a highly unfavorable
delta Gº' but a favorable delta G under physiological conditions?
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + ADP3-Phosphoglycerate + ATP
O2-phosphoglyerate → phosphoenolpyruvate
Ofructose-1,6-bisphosphate dihydroxyacetone phosphate +
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
Ofructose-6-phosphate → fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
Chapter 7 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 7 - Figure 7.11 Dinitrophenol (DNP) is an "uncoupler"...Ch. 7 - Figure 7.12 Cyanide inhibits cytochrome c oxidase,...Ch. 7 - (Figure 7.14) Tremetol, a metabolic poison found...Ch. 7 - The energy currency used by cells is ATP ADP AMP...Ch. 7 - A reducing chemical reaction. reduces the compound...Ch. 7 - During the second half of glycolysis, what occurs?...Ch. 7 - What is removed from pyruvate during its...Ch. 7 - What do the electrons added to NAD+ do? They...Ch. 7 - GTP or ATP is produced during the conversion of...Ch. 7 - How many NADU molecules are produced on each turn...
Ch. 7 - What compound receives elections from NADH? FMN...Ch. 7 - Chemiosmosis involves. the movement of electrons...Ch. 7 - Which of the following fermentation methods can...Ch. 7 - A major connection for sugars in glycolysis is...Ch. 7 - Beta-oxidation is. the breakdown of sugars the...Ch. 7 - The effect of high levels of ADP is to__inv __...Ch. 7 - The control of which enzyme exerts the most...Ch. 7 - Why is it beneficial for cells to use ATP rather...Ch. 7 - Nearly all organisms on Earth carry out some form...Ch. 7 - Because they lose their mitochondria during...Ch. 7 - What is the primary difference between a circular...Ch. 7 - How do the roles of ubiquinone and cytochrome c...Ch. 7 - What accounts for the different number of ATP...Ch. 7 - What is the primary difference between...Ch. 7 - Would you describe metabolic pathways as...Ch. 7 - How does citrate from the citric acid cycle affect...Ch. 7 - Why might negative feedback mechanisms be more...
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- Copper is a cofactor in several enzymes, including lysyl oxidase and superoxide dismutase.Ceruloplasmin, a deep-blue glycoprotein, is the principal copper-containing protein in blood. It isused to transport Cu2+ and maintain appropriate levels of Cu2+ in the body’s tissues.Ceruloplasmin also catalyzes the oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+, an important reaction in ironmetabolism. Because the metal is widely found in foods, copper deficiency is rare in humans.Deficiency symptoms include anemia, leukopenia (reduction in blood levels of white blood cells),bone defects, and weakened arterial walls. The body is partially protected from exposure toexcessive copper (and several other metals) by metallothionein, a small, metal-binding protein thatpossesses a large proportion of cysteine residues. Certain metals (most notably zinc and cadmium)induce the synthesis of metallothionein in the intestine and liver.In Menkes syndrome intestinal absorption of copper is defective. How can affected infants…arrow_forwardIn this transamination reaction (right), which of the following are the products X and Y? Oxaloacetate Glutamate A Alanine, a-ketoglutarate B Aspartate, a-ketoglutarate C Glutamate, alanine D Pyruvate, aspartatearrow_forwardDuring Krebs cycle, the conversion of isocitrate to alpha-keto glutarate involves all of the following reactions/mechanisms except Reduction of isocitrate Reduction of NAD+ Decarboxylation of isocitrate Oxidation of isocitratearrow_forward
- The large amount of energy used during aerobic exercise (e.g., running) requires large amounts of oxaloacetate. Explain why acetyl-CoA cannot be used to produce oxaloacetate in this circumstance. What is the likely source of oxaloacetate molecules during aerobic activity?arrow_forwardAcetyi CoA Oxaloncetate CoA NADH Citrate NAD Isocitrate Malate Funiarate NAD co NADH FADH, FAD a- Ketoghutarate Succinate co, NAD+ ATP Succinyl CuA NADH ADP - P For each molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) oxidized by cellular respiration, how many moles of CO2 are released in the citric acid cycle? (see the figure above) а. 2 b. 4 с. 6 d. 0 е. 3arrow_forwardDraw the products of the reaction of xylulose-5-phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate catalyzed by transketolase in the pentose phosphate pathway. Provide the structure in the protonation state found in physiological conditions. H H H OH FO HO-H H-OH H OPO3²- Q transketolase Draw glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate H H- H H H O OH OH OPO3²- Draw fructose-6- phosphate Q I Iarrow_forward
- phosphofructokinase is an allosteric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and represents the key control point in mammalian glycolysis. The enzyme is a homotetramer that is inhibited by ATP binding, activated by AMP binding, negatively regulated by phosphorylation, and competitively inhibited by 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol-1,6-diphosphate. (a) Would you expect a plot of the initial rate of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate formation as a function of substrate concentration to show a sigmoidal or hyperbolic curve? (b) How would each of the regulators above affect the dynamics of the T state to R state equilibrium of phosphofructokinase? Briefly explain your reasoning. (c) If it were possible to isolate phosphofructokinase monomers in an active form, how would you expect the kinetics in (a) to be affected? How would the rate of the reaction be affected by ATP, AMP, and 2,5-anhydro-D-glucitol-1,6-diphosphate? Briefly explain your answers.arrow_forwardAlthough glucose cannot be formed from acetyl-CoA, triglycerides can enter the glycolytic pathway via which process? O Acetyl-CoA → oxaloacetate → phosphoenolpyruvate O Palmitoyl-CoAB- ketoacyl-CoA → a-ketoglutarate O Glycerol → DHAP Acyl-CoA glucosearrow_forwardThe large amount of energy used during aerobic exercise(e.g., running) requires large amounts of oxaloacetate.Explain why acetyl-CoA cannot be used to produceoxaloacetate in this circumstance. What is the sourceof oxaloacetate molecules during aerobic activity?arrow_forward
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