8. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) is often used as an isotonic solution to keep cells happy and alive. Though recipes vary, PBS typically contains 157 mM Na* and 4.5 mM K+, yet inside of the cell that ratio is switched (there is approximately 150 mM K* and only about 10 mM Na). Why is PBS still considered isotonic? That is, why does putting cells into PBS not create a lot of osmotic pressure?
Q: Define DEHYDRATION REACTION: HYDROLYSIS:
A: A chemical reaction is when one or more reactants are converted into one or more products.…
Q: In the given segment showing parallel strands, there are a total of In a parallel 3 sheet, hydrogen…
A: Beta sheets are secondary structures of proteins. They can be formed by a single peptide chain or…
Q: 1. Consider the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. a. What pathway(s) does this enzyme function in? b.…
A: “Since you have posted a question with multiple sub-parts, we will solve the first four sub-parts…
Q: Give a detailed description of the structure, characteristics, and functions of proteins
A: Proteins are the bio molecules which are made up of amino acids . They are the important bio…
Q: b) You walk into university and see that everyone has become a unicorn. You try to hide in bluezone…
A: Kinases are enzymes which are responsible for phosphorylating the target protein or molecule. This…
Q: Proteins tracked by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) showed that they are ALL…
A: Introduction: Fluorescent markers get excited at a particular wavelength of light and undergo…
Q: Which of the following biomolecules is/are NOT amphipathic?
A: Amphipathic molecules are those molecules which has both polar and non-polar parts. 1) The polar…
Q: 1) How many different forms of D-monosaccharide are present at equilibrium in an aqueous solution?…
A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: Consider the peptides and Met-Pro-Met-Asp-Lys-Lys-Val. Is the cyclic peptide with a peptide bond…
A: Met-Pro-Met-Asp-Lys-Val is a peptide with below full names of the Amino acids : Met - Methionine ,…
Q: 5a) Draw this peptide at the physiological pH (7.4) with the following 1-letter codes: F-R-I-D-A-Y…
A: Proteins are composed of amino acids. They are linked together by peptide linkages. Proteins have…
Q: 2. Aspirin can be absorbed into the blood through the cells lining the stomach and the small…
A: Aspirin is a drug that is used to reduce pain, antiinflammation, and fever. Aspirin is chemically…
Q: Which of these are L-monosaccharides?
A: Monosaccharides are the simplest type of carbohydrates, which cannot be hydrolyzed further. D and L…
Q: 3. Using mathmatical calculations, show why 0.9% NaCl solutions and 5% dextrose (glucose) solutions…
A: Hypotonic Solution: A fluid that differs from regular blood and cells in that it contains fewer…
Q: CHM3413-Neutral vs lonized consider the table of drugs shown below and their respective pka…
A: The compound left over after an acid gets deprotonated is called its conjugate base. The compound…
Q: 9. A patient with liver failure underwent a study of the electrophoretic spectrum of serum proteins.…
A: Proteins are the complex molecules that are made up of Aminoacids. They have definite charge that is…
Q: 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 pH 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 3.0
A: Isoelectric point is the pH at which the amino acid carries no net charge. It is given by the…
Q: Explain the role of zinc in biomolecules .
A: Zinc is the micro nutrient and is considered as the third most abundant element in the body. It has…
Q: Lipid movement showing migration of the lipid from one monolayer to another is called? flexion…
A: INTRODUCTION lipids - Energy-rich biomolecules made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; generally…
Q: Comparing the active site geometries of chymotrypsin and subtilisin enzymes under the hypothesis…
A: Chymotrypsin : it is a very powerful proteolytic(protein breakdown enzyme) which is being secreted…
Q: Carbamoyl phosphate is formed from a.ATP b.C02 c.H20 d.NADH
A: The urea cycle is the biochemical pathway that converts ammonia into urea. The pathway channels all…
Q: Draw the structure of a polymer found in our body with 1-4 linkage. Just draw the repeating units.
A: The backbone glycosidic linkage of three abundant biological storage polysaccharides: amylose,…
Q: list the amino acids that will carry a net charge at pH 7 within a protein. What is the charge at pH…
A: Note : Hi ! Thank you for the question. We are authorized to answer one question at a time. Since…
Q: Question 8 You have performed a peptide conjugation reaction in which the peptide shown below forms…
A: Peptide conjugation reaction - is the reaction in which two peptides are conjugated by peptide/amide…
Q: Which of the following enzyme:function pairs is/are correct? a.primase:forms RNA primer…
A: These enzymes are found during replication process. Each enzyme have some specific functions.
Q: a) ATP, ADP and AMP are all examples of adenosine phosphates. b) All adenosine phosphates…
A:
Q: a. Synthesizing glutamine is endergonic and so not spontaneous. How would having hese two reactions…
A: Coupled bioenergetics reactions are set of chemical reaction in which energy is moved from one side…
Q: II. True or False a. An effort is usually made to fragment the polypeptide backbone first, before…
A: Proteins are the heteropolymers of twenty standard amino acids that differ from each other on the…
Q: 2. Polar covalent bonds occur due to the equal/unequalsharing of [protons/ electrons (Highlight or…
A: Biochemistry is an attempt at explaining the living cell in chemical terms. A living cell is the…
Q: Which of the following are elongation factors involved in the release of free tRNAs? a.EF-G…
A: The above mentioned elongation factors are involved in the process of translation in prokaryotes.…
Q: Starting from glutamine ,glycine, aspartate, N-10 formal-ThF ,how many ATP equivalents are required…
A: Glutamine : It is the most abundant amino acid in the body.It is synthesized in the muscles and the…
Q: QUESTION 5 What was the distance (in cm) traveled by the SAMPLE C in the TLC below: 10 6 8 7 56 D 2…
A: TLC is a separation technique in which silica is used as a stationary phase and the non-polar…
Q: which two amino acid have two chiral center? I know Isoleucine contain two chiral center,how about…
A: Proteins are composed of amino acids. They are linked together by peptide linkages. Proteins have…
Q: Which of the following statements about the ketone bodies is/are TRUE? Produced during starvation…
A: The formation of ketone bodies occurs in liver mitochondria when acetyl CoA is stored in large…
Q: Which of the following types of posttranscriptional modification is for mRNA only? a.splicing…
A: Basically, RNA are of following 3 types mRNA - transcribed by RNA pol ll rRNA- transcribed by RNA…
Q: Each ionizable group of an amino acid can exist in one of two states, charged or neutral. The…
A: pKa is the pH at which half of the acid is dissociated. Given to us is the amino acid histidine with…
Q: Nucleotides are the subunits of DNA and RNA. EXPLAIN.
A: RNA is ribonucleic acid, whereas DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid. Despite the fact that both DNA and…
Q: Properties Transport Absorption Storage Toxicity Dosage frequency Excretion Relationship to…
A: Vitamins are organic molecule,which are very essential micronutrients that a living being needs in…
Q: The normal concentrations for intracellular and extracellular potassium in a neuron are [K+]in = 150…
A: Recall that the Nernst equation for calculating reversal potential is: Eion = RT/Zf log [Co]/[Ci]…
Q: What does glutamic acid do to the membrane potentials of: Neurons - Muscles -
A: Glutamic Acid : It is an α amino acid which is used by all living beings & organisms in the…
Q: How does dithiothreitol (DTT) differ from B-mercaptoethanol (BME) as a reducing agent?
A: A reducing agent is a substance that reduces the substrate and itself gets oxidised. The reducing…
Q: n why a sugar can form at least two different glycosides.
A: Sugars an form two different glycosides.
Q: 6) Proline is not commonly found in the middle of a-helices because its ring structure prevents it…
A: A protein's function depends on its structure. There are four levels of protein structure: primary,…
Q: A cell in a hypertonic solution swells because of a net loss of water by osmosis. True False
A: A hypertonic solution is a solution that contains high solute concentration. Osmosis is the…
Q: Consider the following peptide sequence: Met-Ser-Val-Thr-Ile-Lys-Ala-Cys-Leu-Ser-lle-Tyr-Phe-Ser…
A: Structure of a protein or a peptide is described in four levels: primary, secondary, tertiary and…
Q: You have discovered a new species of plant. You isolate chromatin from the plant and examines it…
A: Histones are basic proteins that are rich in basic amino acids like arginine and lysine. These basic…
Q: Strictly speaking, "Hydrates of Carbon" pertains to the specific chemical formula of most…
A: Carbohydrates are hydrates of carbon that contain carbon , hydrogen and oxygen. They have these…
Q: In the chain elongation of proteins, the new aminoacyl-tRNA bonds to? a.A site b.E site c.G site…
A: Translation is process by which the cells produce protein from the information provided by the DNA.…
Q: Structural subunits/building blocks of carbs (ex: monosaccharides/simple sugars), triglycerides,…
A: Biomolecules are organic compounds produced by living organisms. They play important function as…
Q: TRUE or FALSE. If false, write the word/s that make(s) the statement incorrect. 1.The 2 subunits…
A: DNA replication is the biological process of producing two identical copies of DNA from a double…
Q: 35. What is the approximate pl for the peptide MEKVDRP. Because this is a peptide, assume the pka…
A: Peptide : Peptides are short or small chains of amino acids having about 2-50 amoino acids. As amino…
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- 7. Imagine that the red blood cells shown below are suspended in liquids of 3 different concentrations. a. Identify the solution in each box as either hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic. b. Describe the reasons for your choice of tonicity. Solution 1 2 3 Red Blood Cells Top-Down View Side View Tonicity of Solution? Reasoning?Osmosis Practice Activity Osmosis is the diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Only water moves in osmosis! The diagrams below show the concentration of water and salt inside the cell and the concentration of water and salt surrounding the cell. Complete the sentences below by comparing the concentration of the water inside the cell and the concentration outside the cell. 1. a. Water will flow the cell, out of the cell, in both directions). (into 5% NaCl 95% H20 95% NaCI 5% H20 b. The cell will (shrink, burst, stay the same). a. Water will flow (into the cell. 2. 5% NaCl out of the cell, in both directions). 5% NaCl 95% H20 95% H20 b. The cell will (shrink, burst, stay the same).2. (a) Define concentration polarization and polarization modulus. How is polarization modulus mathematically related to filtration flux? (b) If bacterial cell debris has G t = 54 x 106 sec, what centrifuge speed is needed to effect a full sedimentation in two hours? (centrifuge having bowl diameter of 10 cm)
- 6. A carrot, when dried out, becomes soft. There is a way to make it firm and crisp. Explain how and why, using the following guidelines. a) Draw and label a representative cell of the carrot, in its dried state. Be precise in your drawing. b)Describe the type of extracellular solution that is appropriate to add to make the desired change (name and define what type of solution, the net movements of solvent and solutes, etc.). c)Draw a representative cell of the carrot, in its possible state after the change. Represent the movement of water using an arrow to indicate what has happened.4. A researcher is interested in the mode of transport of three different substances (A, B, & C) across the cell membrane. The researcher's data is presented in the graphs below. A) A Initial rate of transport into the Bor C cell Concentration The graph above shows the initial rate of transport for each substance when cells that do not contain A, B, or C are placed in solutions of differing concentrations of A, B, and C, respectively. Based on this data, which of the following is/are compatible modes of transport for substance A? (active transport, facilitated diffusion, simple diffusion) For substance B? For substance C?8.Patients who enter the emergency room dehydrated are usually given sterile saline solution intravenously. The solution administered is isotonic to prevent cell damage. What would happen if the solution was hypotonic? Group of answer choices A. Hypotonic solutions have a higher osmotic pressure than that within cells so hemolysis can occur B. Hypotonic solutions have a lower osmotic pressure than that within cells so crenation can occur can occur. C. Hypotonic solutions have a lower osmotic pressure than that within cells so hemolysis can occur. D. Hypotonic solutions have the same osmotic pressure as that within cells so nothing will happen. 9.The solubility of CaCl2 in water is135g/100 ml. What would be the best method for preparing a 50.0 mL of supersaturated CaCl2 solution? Group of answer choices A. add 72 g of CaCl2 to 50.0 mL of H2O at 100 °C while stirring at room temperature B. add 67 g of CaCl2 to 50.0 mL of H2O at 100 °C while stirring at room temperature…
- 7. The diffusion constant for the membrane protein fibronectin is approximately 0.7 x 10-12 cm²/sec, whereas that for rhodopsin is about 3 x 10-9 cm2/sec. Calculate the distance traversed (in nanometers) by each of these proteins in 50 msec.2. 1. Compare and contrast between passive transport, active transport and bulk transport? Explain (using the correct terminology and drawing an image) what happens to the cells in the following environments: a. A human blood cell (0.9% salt) is placed in a salt water tank (27.5% salt). b. A bacterial cell with 35% organic material in their cytoplasm is living in a tank filled with 35% sulfur. c. A freshwater plant cell (75% water) is living in a pond that floods over. 3. List and briefly define the two Laws of Thermodynamics (energy).In an investigation of osmosis, apple cores were submerged in different molarity solutions to determine the unknown osmolarity of the apple. To determine the molarity five uniform apple cores were massed before submerging them in different molarity solutions. After 24 hours the apple cores were massed again. Then the percent change in mass was determined for the five uniform apple cores in each molarity solution. c) Describe the environmental conditions taking place in each of the six solutions with the apples
- 1. Using the data provided in Table 1, construct a graphical representation of the data to visualize the differences of the diffusion rates of Congo red and Toluidine blue in the three agar concentrations and between different temperatures. Table 1. Diffusion rates of Congo red and Toluidine blue in the three agar concentrations under different temperatures Agar (%) 3 cr crc w 3 5 5 7 7 Room temperature: 26% Refrigerator: 15% Temperature Room Refrigerator Room Refrigerator Room Refrigerator Diffusion Rates (mm) Congo Red 10 11 17 14 20 18 Toluidine Blue 7 7 14 7 16 99. Using the images of blood from 7.8 in the lab manual, what is the ideal tonicity of sheep's blood? Explain. 10. Using the image in 7.9 of the Elodea cell tissue in the lab manual, why is a hypertonic environment dangerous to plant cells? Explain. 11. Review the following experiment and answer the questions. You set up an experiment where you place a sealed (clamped) dialysis tube cell in a beaker of water. The solution in the dialysis tube cell is 25%NaCl solution and the solution in the beaker is 1%NaCl solution. The solvent for both is water. Before you place the tube in the cell, after it has been filled and clamped, you find the mass of the cell. You also find the mass of the cell after it has been placed in the beaker solution for 30 minutes. The masses are in the table below. Mass in grams of dialysis tube cell Initial Mass 25g Final Mass after 30 minutes 28.7g Using this information, explain the difference in mass before and after submerging the cell in the beaker solution.…6. Which diagram shows the appearance of a cell with an original Y of -1.2 kPa, after being placed in a solution as shown? A B C D water potential (Y) of external solution / kPa -06 -1-2 -00 -1-5 7. Which pair of factors is inversely proportional to the rate of diffusion? A. Concentration gradient and surface area over which diffusion occurs. B. Distance over which diffusion occurs and size of diffusion molecule. C. Size of diffusion molecule and concentration gradient. D. Surface area over which diffusion occurs and distance over which diffusion occurs. 8. The diagram shows two molecules of glucose. Four possible bonding positions are labelled p, q, r and s; and t, u, v and w. CH,OH CH,OH ОН OH Но ОН Но OH S w u OH OH V When these two molecules condense to form glycogen, where could bonds form? A. p-u or p – v B. p- u or q - w C. p – v or q – w D. p – w or v - w