You are given a pea that produces round, yellow seeds (both dominant traits, alleles R and Y), but its genotype is unknown. You cross this pea with a true-breeding recessive (for both traits, alleles r and y) individual to determine the genotype at both loci, and find that the offspring have the following ratios of phenotypes: ½ round, yellow, ½ round, green. What is the genotype of the unknown plant? O RrYY ORRYY ORRYY RrYy
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- The text outlines some of the problems Frederick William I encountered in his attempt to breed tall Potsdam Guards. a. Why were the results he obtained so different from those obtained by Mendel with short and tall pea plants? b. Why were most of the children shorter than their tall parents?In radishes, color and shape are each controlled by asingle locus with two incompletely dominant alleles.Color may be red (RR), purple (Rr), or white (rr) andshape can be long (LL), oval (Ll), or round (ll). Whatphenotypic classes and proportions would you expectamong the offspring of a cross between two plantsheterozygous at both loci?Mendelian ratios are modified in crosses involving autotetraploids.Assume that one plant expresses the dominant trait greenseeds and is homozygous (WWWW). This plant is crossed to onewith white seeds that is also homozygous (wwww). If only onedominant allele is sufficient to produce green seeds, predict theF1 and F2 results of such a cross. Assume that synapsis betweenchromosome pairs is random during meiosis.
- A test cross between a plant of genotype PpSs and the tester white plant with wrinkled seed coat (ppss) gives the following numbers of progeny in four phenotypic types. 14:87:83:16 (purple flower + smooth seed coat: purple flower + wrinkled seed coat: white flower + smooth seed coat: white flower + wrinkled seed coat). a. What is the expected ratio of progeny phenotypes assuming independent assortment of alleles? b. Explain how ratios of progeny show that the two genes are linked. c. How many map units separate the purple and smooth genes? Show your calculations. d. What is the “parental” genotype of the heterozygous parent? (i.e. Which alleles of the P and S loci are present on each of the two chromosomes of the doubly heterozygous parent of this test cross?)Dominant allele R in corn results in purple kernel, while recessive allele r results in pearl white kernel in homozygous condition. The plant body colour is controlled by another gene with two alternative alleles, G for green colour and g for yellow colour. In a testcross between a corn plant with unknown genotype and a plant that is homozygous recessive for both genes, the following progeny were obtained: Phenotype Purple, green Purple, yellow Pearl white, green Pearl white, yellow Number 90 12 10 88 Explain how these results were obtained by determining the exact genotype of the unknown plant. Include the precise gene arrangement on the homologous chromosomes.E. W. Lindstrom crossed two corn plants with green seedlings and obtained the following progeny: 3583 green seedlings, 853 virescentwhite seedlings, and 260 yellow seedlings . Q. Explain how color is determined in these seedlings.
- You carry out a trihybrid cross (a cross in which the parental plants differ for three characters) between a tall pea plant with round, yellow seeds (TT RR YY) and a short pea plant with wrinkled, green seeds (tt rr yy). The parental plants are homozygous for all of the three characters. They are crossed to produce the F1 generation. Tall, round, and yellow are the dominant traits for each character. What will be the phenotypes of the F1 generation?In garden pea, resistance to a certain disease is controlled by a single locus with dominance forresistance (R) and recessive susceptible (r). Another locus governs seed color with yellow being dominant (Y)to green (y). A pea plant which is heterozygous for both gene pairs is crossed with a susceptible and green-seeded plant. The following data was observed in the progeny. Phenotype NumberResistant yellow 43Susceptible green 49Resistant green 16Susceptible yellow 12Total 120 a. What is the calculated chi-square value based on an independent assortment assumption? Compute forthe df and write the conclusion. (NOTE: The cross will not yield a 9:3:3:1 ratio since not both of theparental genotypes are heterozygous for the 2 pairs of alleles. Thus, perform the cross first, show theparental genotypes, the gamete…Two true breeding pea plants-one with yellow round seeds (YYRR) and the other with green wrinkled seeds (yyrr)-were crossed. The F1 plants will be dihybrid heterozygous for both the characters (yyRr). The plants were self-pollinated. Will the Y and R alleles always stay together, generation after generation? Or are seed color and seed shape inherited independently of each other? Show how you come to a conclusion.
- With three-point genetic mapping, we can look at the inheritance of three linked genes and determine their order and map distance relative to each other on the chromosome. Suppose Gene G, Gene J, and Gene M are linked. An organism with the genotype GgJjMm was mated to an organism with the genotype ggjmm. The following phenotypes were seen in the offspring: Dominant for all three 13 Dominant for G and J Dominant for G and M 84 Dominant for J and M 389 Dominant for G only 401 Dominant for J only 96 Dominant for M only Recessive for all three 12 a. What the alleles in the parental gametes? b. What are the alleles in the double crossover gametes? c. What gene is in the middle of the three? d. What is the map distance between Gene G and Gene J? (Show all your work.) е. What is the map distance between Gene J and Gene M? (Show all your work.)In onions, presence of gene C causes production of an enzyme which catalyzes theproduction of bulb-color pigment. Gene K prevents this enzyme from functioning, thuspreventing enzyme production. The two genes are inherited independently. A true breedingcolored variety is crossed with a white one of genotype ccKK. (a) what are the expectedphenotypes and ratios in the F1 and F2. (b) Another pair of alleles R and r, independent ofgenes C and K controls the specific color for bulbs, R giving red and r, yellow bulbs. If thetrue-breeding colored variety are homozygous for R and the white ones homozygous for r,what would be the phenotypic ratios in the F1 and F2 of the above cross?You have a purple-flowered pea plant, but you do not know if it is homozygous (PP) or heterozygous (Pp) for flower color because both genotypes result in the same purple phenotype. Purple color allel (P) is dominant over white flower allel (p). What would you do to determine the genotype of flower color of this plant? Lötfen birini seçin: O a. Crossing the plant with homozygous large flowered pea plant (LL) Ob. Crossing the plant with heterozygous purple flowered pea plant (Pp) Crossing the plant with homozygous dominant purple flowered pea plant (PP) d. Crossing the plant with a plant whose genotype is unknown e. Crossing the plant with homozygous recessive white flowered pea plant (pp)