Write the balanced reaction catalyzed by phophoenolpyruvate carboxylase (P PC). Remember to add any cofactors, and to draw the structure formulas (a line-bond representation is fine) for the main substrate and product of the reaction.
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Write the balanced reaction catalyzed by phophoenolpyruvate carboxylase (P PC). Remember to add any cofactors, and to draw the structure formulas (a line-bond representation is fine) for the main substrate and product of the reaction.
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- The enzyme pyruvate carboxylase is discovered in a bacterium that was thought not to contain it; in this case study, you’ll see how researchers study and characterize the enzyme, and, ultimately, show how it fits into a metabolic pathway. Following purification of the PYC enzyme by avidin-Sepharose affinity chromatography, the investigators carried out several experiments to characterize the enzyme. First, they ran samples of the enzyme on denaturing and non-denaturing gels; the results are shown in the figure to the right. In addition, they ran the protein through a calibrated gel filtration column, the results of which indicated that the PYC enzyme had a molecular weight of 540 kiloDaltons. In the figure, the rightmost column are where molecular weight standards of various sizes would occur if they’d been on the gels. The catalytic properties of the PYC enzyme were assessed following purification. The activity of the enzyme was assayed in the presence of ATP, pyruvate, bicarbonate…The enzyme pyruvate carboxylase is discovered in a bacterium that was thought not to contain it; in this case study, you’ll see how researchers study and characterize the enzyme, and, ultimately, show how it fits into a metabolic pathway. Following purification of the PYC enzyme by avidin-Sepharose affinity chromatography, the investigators carried out several experiments to characterize the enzyme. First, they ran samples of the enzyme on denaturing and non-denaturing gels; the results are shown in the figure to the right. In addition, they ran the protein through a calibrated gel filtration column, the results of which indicated that the PYC enzyme had a molecular weight of 540 kiloDaltons. In the figure, the rightmost column are where molecular weight standards of various sizes would occur if they’d been on the gels. Part A: There are four identical subunits in the PYC enzyme. And there are not four domains in the denaturing gel. Based on the image provided attached, how many chains…The citric acid cycle is a central metabolic pathway. In fact, it is interconnected to many pathways we have studied throughout the semester. List 6 connections between the citric acid cycle and other metabolic pathways. Be sure to state briefly the point (i.e.molecule/enzyme shared between CAC and indicated pathway) of connections.
- State the steps of beta-oxidation pathway. Please make sure to state all the enzymes and co-factors for each reaction. I posted this question two time, but it did not respond in how I want it. Please this time I have attached the slide . according to that, answer the question. please make it clear on enzymes and co-factors. If you can make the length shorter or like provide one paragraph. AS long as you did this question very short for for the answer and directly answer the questions.To understand the entire glycolytic pathways better, kindly complete the table below Steps Structural Formula Enzyme, activator and coenzyme required Structural formula of the product Is the reaction reversible or irreversible?You are a genetic analyst and you have a patient with inherited defects of glycolysis. Specifically, this patient has severe symptoms that stem from issues in their erythrocytes (red blood cells). You find that your patient has a deficiency in Hexokinase (HK). Given this information and keeping in mind what you learned about the steps of glycolysis, bisphosphoglycerate (BPG), and the importance of 2,3 BPG for hemoglobin oxygen binding what do you predict will be the effect of this mutation? Select all that apply. decreased 2,3BPG concentrations reduced flow of metabolites through glycolysis increased 2,3BPG concentrations increased flow of metabolites through glycolysis decreased hemoglobin oxygen affinity increased hemoglobin oxygen affinity 000000
- Starting with glucose, there are five steps in the EMP/TCA metabolic pathways that produce NADH (which is converted to ATP or energy). Use class notes, Shuler, Kargi and DeLisa book, or the internet. 1. A. Draw the chemical structures of the reactant(s) and product(s); as well as a balanced chemical reaction for the step in the TCA (Krebs) cycle where isocitrate is converted to a-ketoglutarate (step 3 in the class notes). (You don't need to draw the structures of coenzyme A (COA), NAD* or NADH.) B. What enzymes catalyze steps 3 and 5 in the Kreb's cycle from the class notes? C. Would you categorize step 8 in the TCA cycle where malate is converted to oxaloacetate as an oxidation or reduction of malate? D. Considering that some energy is spent transporting acetyl-CoA to mitochondria, how much net energy (in kcal) is produced by converting 15 mol of glucose to CO₂ in the glycolysis & Krebs cycle pathways? E. How many kcals of energy from oxidizing 15 mol of glucose to CO₂ (your answer to…Introduction: As one of the reactants in the first reaction of the citric acid cycle, oxaloacetate is an important cellular metabolite. The concentrations of oxaloacetate are tightly regulated. Different organisms employ different mechanisms to obtain oxaloacetate. In mammals and yeast, oxaloacetate is the product of the pyruvate carboxylase (PYC) reaction. In E. coli, the enzyme phophoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PPC) provides oxaloacetate from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) obtained from glucose oxidation in the glycolytic pathway. If glucose is absent and E. coli is using acetate as a carbon source, the glyoxylate pathway serves to generate the needed oxaloacetate. Usually, an organism will employ PPC or PYC, but not both. Detectable levels of PYC in the methanogenic bacterium Methanobacterium thermautotrophicum had previously not been found, and since PPC had been detected, it was believed that M. thermautotrophicum did not possess PYC. However, in the case described here, microbiologists…Discuss the role of enzymes in metabolic regulation by describing the following five mechanisms.11.1Cascade systems11.2 Futile cycle11.3Cellular compartmentalization 11.4 Covalent modification11.5 Zymogens
- Back in 1962, Gerhart and Pardee developed a model for the regulation of the activity of the ATCase enzyme by CTP and ATP, using the pathway given in Figure 1. Describe that model, using information presented here as well as what you have learned about allosteric enzymes. Be sure to include a sentence explaining the physiological significance of your model.What is the significance of substrate-level phosphorylation reactions? Which of the reactions in the citric acid cycle involve a substrate-level phosphorylation? Name another example from a biochemical pathway with which you are familiar.Using glucose metabolism, justify the following statement: Metabolic pathways are highly interdependent and are exquisitely controlled by enzyme activity levels and substrate bioavailability.