With the knowledge on analytical separation and analyses, outline a suitable analytical separation protocol that can be employed to recover polluted river bodies and make them wholesome for drinking
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With the knowledge on analytical separation and analyses, outline a suitable analytical separation protocol that can be employed to recover polluted river bodies and make them wholesome for drinking
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- 1. A sample of pure sodium oxalate, Na2C2O4 , weighing 0.2856 g is dissolved in water, sulfuric acid is added, and the solution titrated at 70°C , requiring 45.12 mL of a KMNO4 solution. The end point is overrun and back-titration is carried out with 1.74 mL of a 0.1032 N solution of oxalic acid. Calculate the normality of the KMNO4 solution. Hint: A redox reaction is involed between oxalate and permanganate. Look at the changes in oxidation state by determining the balanced redox reaction: 5C20,2 + + 2MN2+ 2 Mn04 + 10H* → 10CO2 + 8H20In the titration calculation, moles of KOH were calculated from the known molarity and measured volume. Reaction stoichiometry was then used to convert that to moles of succinic acid. At this point, how could the moles of succinic acid be converted to a mass of succinic acid rather than a concentration?K2CO3 (aq)+ CaCl2 (aq)→ CaCO3 (s) + 2KCl (aq) Data Sheet Table 1: Data and Observations Material Mass CaCl2 2.0g K2CO3 2.5g Filter Paper 1.6g Watch Glass 35.8g Filter Paper + Watch Glass + Precipitate 38.9 Precipitate 1.5g Table 2: Mass of CaCl2 after 24 Hours Initial Observations 24 hour Observation Weigh Boat Mass of Weigh Boat 0.5g Mass of Weigh Boat 0.5g CaCl2 2.0g Mass of CaCl2 2.4g Mass of CaCl2 Calculate the theoretical yield of the solid precipitate. Then use that to calculate the percent yield of the solid precipitate.
- After studying the separation scheme for Group III cations and using your background knowledge on separation of Group I and Group II cations: (a) devise a flow chart or schematic diagram to separate and confirm the presence of the given ions in the solution below; (b) write the chemical formula of the precipitates formed; and (c) provide a brief explanation about your schematic diagram.3) 2.413 g sample contains Na CO̟, NaHCO and inert material. This sample was solved in water and diluted to 250.0 ml. 80 ml solution was taken and titrated with 0.09644 N HCl with the indicator of phenolftalein. 6.13 ml HCl was consumed. From a second solution, again 80 ml was taken and titrated with the same HCl solution with the indicator of methylorange. 15.4 ml HCl was consumed. Calculate the percentage of NaHCO¸ and 3 Na CO in sample (Na CO_=106.0 g/mol, NaHCO_=84.02 g/mol). 3Q2) a) Explain the titration curve (variation of pH with respect to addition of titrant) with suitable diagram and reactions involved when a strong base is added as titrant to a weak acid as analyte. (b) The saline water discharged from a thermal desalination plant was analyzed and it has following composition.(i) If the discharged water sample contains 4.2 g of potassiumchloride (KCl) per 500 mL of solution, determine its molarity.(ii) The sample contains CaCl2 and its concentration was found to be 0.04M. Calculate grams of CaCl2 present in 100 mL of the sample. (c) In complexometric titration, explain why a constant pH need to be maintained during estimation of metal ions using EDTA.
- As part of the analysis of water samples, the hardness of water is commonly measured and calculated. It is commonly expressed in ppm by mass (parts per million) of CaCO3. Parts per million is also equivalent to milligrams of CACO3 per liter of water. In a sample taken by an environmentalist, he was able to observe a hardness count of 205 mg CacO3/L. Given this hardness count of the sample, what is the molar concentration of Ca2+ ions in the water sample?Treatment of ammonia with phenol in the presence of hypochlorite yields indophenol, a blue product that absrobs light at 625 nm, which can be used for the spectrophotometric determination of ammonia. ocr -OH • NH, indophenol anion To determine the ammonia concentration in a sample of lake water, three samples are prepared. In sample A, 10.0 mL of lake water is mixed with 5 mL of phenol solution and 2 mL of sodium hypochlorite solution, and diluted to 25.0 mL in a volumetric flask. In sample B, 10.0 mL of lake water is mixed with 5 mL. of phenol solution, 2 mL of sodium hypochlorite solution, and 2.50 mL of a 5.50 x 10-4 M ammonia solution, and diluted to 25.0 mL. Sample C is a reagent blank. It contains 10.0 mL of distilled water, 5 mL of phenol solution, and 2 ml. of sodium hypochlorite solution, diluted to 25.0 mL. The absorbance of the three samples is then measured at 625 nm in a 1.00 cm cuvette. The results are shown in the table. Sample Absorbance (625 nm) A 0.374 В 0.621 0.045…3.) In the assay of NaHCO3, 3.0g of the solid is dissolved in 25mL water. What is the normality? How many mL of 1N H2SO4 will be required to neutralize this solution? From this volume of acid, compute the percent purity of NaHCO3.
- A 12.63 g sample of calcium ore was dissolved in HCl and gravimetrically analyzed, through the precipitation of calcium into CaC2O4 · H2O. The precipitate was filtered, washed, dried, and ignited at 500 oC until the weight was constant, giving a final mass of 2.35 grams pure CaCO3 (100.087 g/mol). Calculate the % Calcium (40.078 g/mol) in the sample.A sample of material contains the components NaOH, Na2CO3, NaHCO3 , or possible mixtures of these. Two samples, each weighing 1 .000 gram, are dissolved in water. To one sample phenolphthalein is added and the solution is titrated cold with 1.038 N acid, of which 17.96 ml are required. The other sample is titrated cold with methyl orange as an indicator, and 21.17 ml of the same acid is required. Calculate the percentage of alkalies present.What is the importance of non-aqueous titrations in pharmaceutical analysis?
