Q: "Consider the arrangement of the following four normal chromosomes from some hypothetical organ…
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Q: What is the difference in meaning between the terms geneticrecombination and crossing over?
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A:
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A: "Since you posted a question with multiple subparts, we will solve the first three subparts for you.…
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Oogenesis
The formation of the ovum (mature female gamete) from undifferentiated germ cells is called oogenesis. This process takes place in the ovaries (female gonads). Oogenesis consists of three stages known as the multiplication phase, growth phase, and maturation phase.
Cell Division
Cell division involves the formation of new daughter cells from the parent cells. It is a part of the cell cycle that takes place in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Cell division is required for three main reasons:
With regard to the segregation of centromeres, why is adjacent-2
segregation less frequent than alternate or adjacent-1 segregation?
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Solved in 2 steps
- An individual has the following reciprocal translocation:What would be the outcome of alternate segregation and of adjacent-1segregation?In Figure 17-28, what would be the consequence of acrossover between the centromere and locus A?What functions do the two centromere-associatedcomplexes, cohesin and the kinetochore, play inchromosome mechanics?
- A diploid species has 3 pairs of chromosomes in its somatic cells. In males, the first pair is large submetacentric[1]; the second is medium acrocentric[2], and the third is small telocentric[3]. In females, the first two pairs are like those of the males while the third is large metacentric[4][5], with satellite4 Illustrate the karyograms (drawing/picture of the chromosome) of the following: A triploid cell in females tetrasomic cell in males tetraploid cell in females [1] submetacentric --centrosome is just above the middle of the chromosome [2] acrocentric --centrosome is much higher location than submetacentric so that the “p” arm of the chromosome is much shorter than the q arm [3] telocentric --the centromere is at the end of the chromosome [4] metacentric --centrosome is in the middle of the chromosome; thus the “p-arm” and the “q-arm” or both arms of the chromosome are equal in length [5] satellite-a constriction in an arm of a chromosome, aside…Inversions are known to affect crossing-over. The following homologs have the indicated order (the filled and open circles indicate centromeres): • (A B C D E) o (A D C B E) a. Considering the position of the centromere, what is this sort of inversion called?If the G locus were 50 or more map units from the centromere, what types and proportions of gametes would the Fl be expected to produce? Derive the expected F2 phenotypic ratio.
- On Neurospora chromosome 4, the leu3 gene is just to theleft of the centromere and always segregates at the firstdivision, whereas the cys2 gene is to the right of the centromere and shows a second-division segregation frequency of 16 percent. In a cross between a leu3 strain anda cys2 strain, calculate the predicted frequencies of thefollowing seven classes of linear tetrads where l = leu3 andc = cys2. (Ignore double and other multiple crossovers.)In a diploid organism of 2n=10, assume that you can label all the centromeres derived from its female parent and all the centromeres derived from its male parent. When this organism produces gamestes, how many male and female-labeled centromere combinations are possible in the gametes?If the G locus were 50 or more map units from the centromere, what types and proportions of gametes would the F1 be expected to produce? Derive the expected F2 phenotypic ratio.
- The a, b, and c loci are all on different chromosomesin yeast. When a b+ yeast were crossed to a+ b yeastand the resultant tetrads analyzed, it was found thatthe number of nonparental ditype tetrads was equal tothe number of parental ditypes, but there were no tetratype asci at all. On the other hand, many tetratypeasci were seen in the tetrads formed after a c+ wascrossed with a+ c, and after b c+ was crossed withb+ c. Explain these results.Map distances were determined for four differentgenes (MAT, HIS4, THR4, and LEU2) on chromosome III of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae:HIS4 ↔ MAT 37 cMTHR4 ↔ LEU2 35 cMLEU2 ↔ HIS4 23 cMMAT ↔ LEU2 16 cMMAT ↔ THR4 20 cMWhat is the order of genes on the chromosome?A reciprocal translocation between chromosome 1 and 2 in Drosophila resulted in AB//CPQR and MN//ODEF. Double stroke indicates centromere location. (i) Diagram the alignment of these chromosomes during meiosis. (ii) What will be the gametes produced by alternate segregation, adjacent 1 segregation and adjacent 2 segregation?