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Why yeast grow faster it growth medium is supplemented with erythromycin under aerobic growth conditions?
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- Why does bacterial growth stop temporarily when the glucose supply in the medium is used up?Which growth condition shown above has the largest doubling time? How would you explain the observed growth data based on information about metabolism and oxygen requirements? Definitely take into consideration the relative growth of all three growth conditions. Surprisingly, cultures grown in anerobic conditions are non-motile, whereas cultures grown in normal O2 saturation have several peritrichous flagella and swim motility. Explain briefly the mechanism of flagellar motility in terms of energy source for flagellar motility and why it may be lower in anaerobic conditions for L. monocytogenes.Why might clinical medicine have an interest in understanding bacterial cell division at the molecular level? Explain why a hyperthermophile would probably not be a human pathogen. Describe four factors that may have an influence on the effectiveness of an antimicrobial treatment. Explain why 70% or 80% alcohol is more effective than 100% alcohol in controlling microorganisms.
- you grew streak plates of Clostridium sporogenes under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Which plates showed bacterial growth, and what does the zone around the metronidazole disc represent? Additionally, explain what types of bacterial growth metronidazole affects and why.Define growth. Why does the lag phase in some bacteria is short or absent and the log phase of the bacterial growth is preferred in any industrial process?Examine the graph shown below of a liquid culture growth curve for S. pneumoniaegrowing in minimal broth containing both glucose and lactose in equal concentrations as a potential carbon source. Answer the following questions: a) Name the growth phases labelled as I, II and III, explain the observed pattern of growth at each of these stages in the curve b) Where would the concentration of cAMP be low and why? c) In what phase would β-galactosidase be high and why? d) What kind of overall growth pattern does this curve illustrate?
- When would you expect to see the E. coli produce the enzyme beta galactosidase if the growth media contained only glucose as an energy source?What cell types would be able to grow on the ECM in the following situations?a) Streptomycin was not added to the ECM.b) The ECM contains thiamine.c) The ECM contains all 20 amino acids and all 5 nitrogenous nucleic acid bases. Reminder: ECM = minimal medium + glucose + has streptomycin antibioticWhat is the purpose of adding ice-cold ethanol to the cell lysate? What is the purpose of precipitation?
- Sydney Brenner isolated Salmonella typhimurium mutants that were implicated in the biosynthesis of tryptophan and would not grow on minimal medium. When these bacterial mutants were tested on minimal medium to which one of four compounds (indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan) had been added, the growth responses shown in the following table were obtained. Mutant Minimal medium Anthranilic acid Indole glycerol phosphate Indole Tryptophan trp-1 − − − − + trp-2 − − + + + trp-3 − − − + + trp-4 − − + + + trp-6 − − − − + trp-7 − − − − + trp-8 − + − − + trp-9 − − − − + trp-10 − − − − + trp-11 − − − − + Give the order of indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan in a biochemical pathway leading to the synthesis of tryptophan. Indicate which step in the pathway is affected by each of the mutations.The activity of the enzyme beta-galactosidase can be measured by X-gal in the growth media. Explain why X-gal turns blue when metabolized by beta-galactosidase.Sydney Brenner isolated Salmonella typhimurium mutants that were implicated in the biosynthesis of tryptophan and would not grow on minimal medium. When these bacterial mutants were tested on minimal medium to which one of four compounds (indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan) had been added, the growth responses shown in the following table were obtained. Mutant Minimal medium Anthranilic Indole glycerol acid Indole Tryptoph phosphate trp-1 trp-2 trp-3 trp-4 trp-6 trp-7 trp-8 trp-9 trp-10 trp-11 - Give the order of indole glycerol phosphate, indole, anthranilic acid, and tryptophan in a biochemical pathway leading to the synthesis of tryptophan. Indicate which step in the pathway is affected by each of the mutations. + 1 + 1 II