Why is Drosophila melanogaster a relevant model of substance abuse disorders? Select all that apply. Partial point deduction for incorrect choices. The fruit fly lacks dopaminergic neurons, making it a good negative model for
Q: An example of a pair of antagonistic hormones is Oglucagon and insulin O epinephrine and…
A: The answer of both the questions are given below:-
Q: How could a frog use MSH to match its skin coloration to that of its surroundings? Rank the actions…
A: Melanophore-stimulating hormone (MSH) is secreted by the intermediate lobe of the pituitary gland…
Q: In general, when do hormones produce "organizing” effects? a. temporarily at any time in life…
A: Activational effects are short-term and dependent on current hormone levels, whereas organisational…
Q: Fill in the left column of the table below with either the neurotransmitter or hormone to match the…
A: Hormones are the chemicals that when released through endocrine glands travel via blood stream to…
Q: Which of the following is not an important function of fats and lipids? A) making up hormones B)…
A: The human body needs biomolecules and they have different size and structures and performs many…
Q: Which of the following class of chemicals exerts its effects by entering cells, binding…
A: 1) Steroid hormones. As steroid substances can be easily dissolved or pass through the lipid bilayer…
Q: Which of the following is NOT involved in signal transduction by the p-adrenergic receptor pathway…
A: Beta adrenergic receptor is a G protein coupled receptor. It consists of a multi-pass transmembrane…
Q: An example of a pair of antagonistic hormones is Oglucagon and insulin O epinephrine and…
A: The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands. The endocrine glands are ductless that secrete…
Q: The discovery that the brain contains specific receptors for manufactured opiate drugs such as…
A: Opioids are a class of drugs that are used to relieve pain and induce sleep. These are highly…
Q: The finding that mutations in synapse genes are associated with many genetic disorders that have a…
A: Mutations that interrupt genes encoding the proteome of excitatory synapses trigger over 130 brain…
Q: B. Modified True or False Read and analyze the following statements below. Identify whether the…
A: The answers are given in the below steps
Q: BPA is a chemical found in plastics that can alter hormonal signaling specifically through…
A: Introduction: BPA (bisphenol A) is a chemical compound, formed by the condensation of phenol and…
Q: Discuss what we know about both of the two main hypotheses (potential targets) for the origin of…
A: * Two hit hypothesis of schizophrenia says the combination of genetic susceptibility along with…
Q: In the experiment of the impacts of sedative and hypnotic acivities in MEJP leaves, does the…
A: The sedative and hypnotic activities is an experimented that is evaluated by the open field and hole…
Q: Which of the following pairs correctly describes an example of antagonistic hormones that regulate…
A: Introduction The institution of glands that secrete chemical currier (hormones) is the endocrine…
Q: What is the importance of feedback systems in the control of hormonal output in mammals? Offer two…
A: Introduction Hormones are chemical compounds that function in the body as messenger molecules. They…
Q: Explain how mutations in the following proteins might result in either loss of responsiveness to a…
A: Introduction Mutation is a sudden heritable change in our genome or genetic material. Mutation can…
Q: Can you figure out which terms “belong” to the same concept? Check all that apply in the list below,…
A: We have to identify the molecules belonging to the same concept.
Q: The liver cells are targets of both insulin and glucagon, which are peptide hormones. Both of these…
A: Glucagon binds with GPCR(G protein coupled receptor) and use cAMP as secondary messenger. It release…
Q: Which of the following is a true of the features of regulation of sleep and wakefulness? If an…
A: A circadian rhythm is essential for the functioning of life and to the organization and coordination…
Q: What is the importance of feedback systems in the control of hormonal output in amphibians? Provide…
A: The discovery of hormones and their function has been relatively recent. Hormones are chemical…
Q: Which of the following responses would NOT occur upon activation of MC2R (G protein coupled receptor…
A: MC2R This gene provides instructions for producing a protein called the adrenocorticotropic hormone…
Q: Name three neural pathways one might expect to lead into the hypothalamus that would result in…
A: * Neural pathway is connection formed by axons from neurons to make synapses to neurons in another…
Q: Explain how mutations in the following proteins might result in either loss of responsiveness to a…
A: A mutation refers to the alteration in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. It is caused by physical,…
Q: Melatonin is a hormone derived from serotonin. It is produced in the brain’s light-sensitive pineal…
A: Melatonin is a hormone that is produced by the pineal gland in the human body. It is said to be…
Q: Notice that organ function is regulated by nerves and by hormones. What is the difference between…
A: Hormones are those organic regulatory substances that are produced in the body and then transported…
Q: The hypothalamus regulates many different of metabolic, developmental, and autonomic nervous system…
A: The hypothalamus is involved in a variety of everyday activities such as eating and drinking,…
Q: Agonists Select one: a. block the action of hormones and neurotransmitters b. is the principle…
A: Pharmacodynamics can be described as the mechanism of a drug or medications within the body.…
Q: Gorski et al (1978) studied early hormonal effects on sex differences in brain anatomy in rats. What…
A: R A Gorski, J H Gordon, J E Shryne, and A M Southam from Department of Anatomy and Brain Research…
Q: Consider the differences in the nervous system and endocrine system. Shortly say why would the body…
A: Neurons are the building blocks of communication system of the body. There is a network of neurons…
Q: To study the control of sex hormones on behavior, researchers may remove an animal’s ovaries or…
A: The study of interactions between the behavior of organisms and their hormones is known as…
Q: Baldness in humans is correlated with what chemical(s)? a. increase testosterone b. decrease male…
A: Hair is a fibrous protein filament composed mainly of keratin. It is a characteristic feature of…
Q: A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation,…
A: A stimulus is anything that can trigger a physical or behavioral change. Stimuli can be external or…
Q: Outline how an increase in dopamine release can lead to long-term genetic changes using the Dopamine…
A: During dopamine signalling process an extracellular signal is transduced into an intracellular one,…
Q: Cannabinoid oil or CBD is everywhere! We see it as a means to treat anxiety, pain, and other…
A: CBD improves a person's mood, which is one of the key ways it stimulates the brain. CBD works to…
Q: Which of the following statements about hormones is false? Hormones can affect the organization of…
A: Introduction Hormones are the chemical compounds crucial for life. Chemically they can be either…
Q: Suppose you are lose in concentration while studying biology. Suddenly the phone rings and startle…
A: Hormones are body's chemical messengers. They travel in bloodstream to tissues or organs.
Q: Which of the following statements about hormones is false? Hormones and the endocrine system…
A: Hormones are the chemical messenger secreted by the endocrine glands into the blood circulation…
Q: The human body needs to maintain stable internal conditions and characteristics such as blood…
A: Since we only answer up to 3 sub-parts, we’ll answer the first 3. Please resubmit the question and…
Q: One such laboratory study investigated the binding of a hormone to three different receptor proteins…
A: Many Hormones such as testosterone binds to Proteins in the plasma such as albumin or specific…
Q: Please read the following scenarios. For each scenario, identify the confound and suggest how it…
A: A confound is a variable that influences both the dependent variable and independent variable.
Q: Adenosine is a signaling molecule which is involved in the regulation of sleep Select one: True…
A: Adenosine is a chemical usually presents in all human cells it is also used as a medicine by the…
Q: there are two biological stress pathways by which stressors produce arousal throughout the brain and…
A: The part of an animal's body that coordinates its behavior and transmits signals between different…
Q: Identify the manipulated and responding variable(s) in the study by placing the number of the type…
A: Need to find the manipulating and responding variable among the three given variables. A research…
Q: Researchers designed an observational study to investigate the effects of hormone replacement…
A: Hormone replacement theory is defined as a technique used to treats the female menopause symptoms.…
Q: Different behavior patterns can be created by interactions of one or more pattern generators - in…
A: In the absence of rhythmic input, central pattern generators (CPGs) are organic brain circuits that…
Q: Nearby, is the ___9____ which releases the hormone melatonin and, consequently, helps regulate…
A: The sleep and wake cycle is a mechanism that causes a pattern of the time that invokes us to be…
Why is Drosophila melanogaster a relevant model of substance abuse disorders? Select all that apply. Partial point deduction for incorrect choices.
|
The fruit fly lacks dopaminergic neurons, making it a good negative model for addiction. |
||
|
Because flies do not display dose-dependent responses to psychoactive drugs, fewer experimental treatments are needed. |
||
|
The fruit fly has a homologous circadian clock, which can be manipulated to investigate changes in physiological responses to drugs. |
||
|
Fruit flies are deuterostomes. |
||
|
Several fly genes responsible for level of ethanol sensitivity have human orthologs. |
||
|
The fruit fly also has neuropeptides secreted by brain cells that influence preference behaviors. |
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a reasonable option for intractable depression or schizophrenia, but a mechanism of action has not been established. One credible hypothesis is related to neural plasticity. Below is the neuronal gene expression assay for four genes after ECT, normalized with the Hamilton depression rating scale of 21 items version (HAM-D-21). Which of the following conclusion you may NOT conclude from the data? ECT may convert adult neurons into IPSCs which may divide and differentiate into healthy adult neurons Neural plasticity steadily increases with the number of ECT administration ECT seems to increase the expression of Yamanaka’s four transcription factors ECT may increase neural plasticityPart 2: Please read the following scenarios. For each scenario, identify the confound and suggest how it might be removed in a follow-up experiment. McCann and Holmes (1984) tested the hypothesis that exercise reduces depression. They randomly assigned depressed undergraduate women either to an exercise condition (attending an aerobics class a couple of times a week for ten weeks) or to a relaxation training condition (the individuals relaxed at home by watching a videotape over the same period of time). Although the results showed that the exercise group reported less depression at the end of the ten-week period than did the relaxation group, why can't the researchers conclude that exercise reduces depression?Imagine that someone had a particularly rough childhood but does not experience many more symptoms of depression than someone who grew up in a more nurturing and stable environment. What can we likely conclude about this person? O They have two long alleles of the dopamine transporter gene O They have at least one short allele of the dopamine transporter gene O They have two short alleles of the serotonin transporter gene O They have at least one long allele of the serotonin transporter gene
- Consider the following null hypothesis: “The amount of emergency department visits is not related to the amount of stress an individual has.” Describe type 1 and type 2 errors that could result from this null hypothesisNootropic drug use is becoming increasingly popular among students on University campuses around the world. The most common network target(s) of these drug cocktails is (choose correct ending): increasing serotonin signaling activities in the brain increasing GABA signaling in the dopamine pathway increasing norepinephrine and increasing acetylcholine behavioral modification network activities in the brain increasing dopamine behavioral modification network activities in the brainThe amygdalae are almond shaped structures found near the hippocampus in the brain. The amygdalae are responsible for certain emotions such as fear and can trigger changes in the body in response to these emotions.The amygdalae are regulated by the structure of the brain that controls reasoning and critical thinking.The structure of the brain that regulates the amygdalae and the hormone that is released when the amygdalae sense fear are, respectively: Select one: a. Structure Hormone Parietal lobe Cortisol b. Structure Hormone Frontal lobe Cortisol c. Structure Hormone Frontal lobe Epinephrine d. Structure Hormone Parietal lobe Epinephrine
- In addition to carrying information between the brain and the peripheral nervous system, the spinal cord also functions 11 to coordinate fine movements in skeletal muscles to carry impulses which control heart and breathing rates as the control center for some reflex actions as the control center for production of digestive secretions Hormones move through the circulatory system and come in contact with all tissues in the body. Whether a group of cells is targeted by a particular hormone depends upon ↑ #3 O O @ 2@ 3 £ the location of the cells in relation to the gland that produces the hormone the presence of appropriate receptor proteins on the cell membranes whether the cells are actively dividing and growing whether the cells are also being stimulated by the nervous system с 54 $ 4¢ O M % 5 ¤ A 31 acer Oll 6¬ ? & 71 O * 2 9 xThe finding that mutations in synapse genes are associated with many genetic disorders that have a behavioral component suggests that individuals with these mutations lack synapses malfunctions in presynaptic neurons cause abnormal behavior O individuals with these mutations lack neurotransmitters malfunctioning synapses are associated with abnormal behavior behavior disorders are attributable to environmental factorsResearchers were interested in why some children develop conduct disorder while other children do not. These researchers focussed on the MAOA gene, which codes for an enzyme that metabolizes brain neurotransmitters, such as epinephrine and dopamine. They studied 1037 children that were followed closely from childhood to adulthood. The figure below presents their results on the association between conduct disorder, maltreatment in childhood, and levels of MAOA activity in male children. On the Y axis are the percent (%) male children in the study who exhibited conduct disorder between the ages of 10 and 18. No maltreatment Probable maltreatment Severe maltreatment disorder % male children (Ages 10-18) exhibiting conduct 100 80 ត C. ↓ n=108 42 13 Low MADA activity 180 79 20 High MAOA activity According to the figure above, which of the following is true for conduct disorder in male children between the ages of 10 and 18? Select one: Ⓒa Social conduct disorder is impacted by both…
- Aducanumab is a human antibody treatment strategy currently undergoing phase III clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease. This acts by: (choose all that apply) increasing cholinergic stimulation selectively inhibiting serotonin stimulating dopamine receptors reducing the production of Aβ plaques promoting neurogenesis reducing neurofibrillary tanglesPlace the following steps (showing how a steroid hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, fourth, and last. Refer to image. The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus of the cell and binds to the DNA. The steroid hormone passes through the cell membrane. The hormone attaches to a receptor in the cytoplasm, forming a hormone-receptor complex. A gene in the DNA is activated, and transcription and translation take place. Proteins that alter the cell′s activities, such as enzymes, are made. 2. Place the following steps (showing how a hydrophilic hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, and last. Refer to image. The activity of the target cell is changed by the final enzyme in the cascade. The second messenger activates or deactivates certain enzymes in a cascade fashion. A second messenger is activated. Hormone binds to a receptor protein.The figure below shows a signaling pathway activated by the binding of adrenaline to the beta-adrenergic receptor. Binding of adrenaline to the receptor causes GTP-binding and activation of G proteins. Active GTP-boundG protein activates adenylate cyclase to initiate a signaling cascade that affects cellular responses, and includes cellular changes to mediate increased heart rate and accounts for the flight-or-fight response. activated adrenaline activated B-adrenergic receptor adenylate cyclase adenylate cyclase G protein subunit GTP 3. GDP conformational ATP CAMP change in receptor heterotrimeric G protein ACAMP inactive protein kinase A active protein kinase A cellular responses Consider the homozygous mutation in which a cell produces a variant of the adrenergic receptor that is constitutively active in the absence of ligand. Which of the following are true in this cell? Select all that apply. Protein Kinase A is always activated CAMP concentration is higher than normal Heart rate…
