Which of the following statements about secondary hyperparathyroidism is correct? Select one: A. It is caused by a parathyroid tumor. B. It is triggered by hypercalcemia. C. It is caused by hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland. D. It is treated by vitamin D.
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- Testosterone has a similar role in the body as calcitonin. Which of the following rows correctly identifies the condition and a symptom that accompanies hypogonadism, in which it mimics low calcitonin levels in the body? Select one: a. Condition Symptom Osteoporosis Loss of bone density b. Condition Symptom Hyperthyroidism Sudden weight loss c. Condition Symptom Goitre Swelling of the thyroid gland d. Condition Symptom Hypercalcemia Abnormal heart rhythm or cardiac arrestWhich of the following manipulations could hypothetically alleviate the physiological stress response? A. Block the action of the parasympathetic nervous system. B. Apply an ACTH agonist. C. Block the action of the sympathetic nervous system. D. Increase the production of glucocorticoids.Symptoms of hyperthyroidism are, except:A. Weight gainB. Increased metabolismC. TachycardiaD. ExophthalmiaE. Increased heat production
- Which of the following is the cause of toxic goiter? Select one: A. Insufficient intake of iodine B. Excessive TSH release from the pituitary C. Insufficient production of thyroid hormones D. Production of autoantibodies that stimulate the TSH receptor E. Excessive TRH release from the hypothalamus OWhich of the following statements about steroid and non-steroid hormones is false?a. Non-steroid hormones typically act through second messengers such as cAMP.b. Non-steroid hormones are not lipid soluble and cannot enter the target cell.c. Steroid hormones act usually slower than non-steroid hormones.d. Cortisol and aldosterone are non-steroid hormones that are produced by the cortex of the adrenal glandChoose the statement that most accurately predicts the long-term effectof exposure to a substance that prevents the active transport of iodideby the thyroid gland.a. Large amounts of T3 and T4 accumulate within the thyroid follicles,but little is released.b. The person exhibits hypothyroidism.c. The anterior pituitary secretes smaller amounts of TSH.d. The circulating levels of T3 and T4 increase.
- A patient with parathyroid deficiency 10 days after inadvertent damage to the parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery would probably have A. a low plasma calcium level, increased membrane permeability to sodium, increased muscular excitability, and muscle spasms or twitching. B. a high plasma calcium level, decreased membrane permeability to sodium, and bone demineralization. C. low plasma phosphate and calcium levels, decreased muscular excitability, and bone demineralization. D. a high plasma calcium level, increased muscular excitability, and bone demineralization. E. a low plasma calcium level, decreased membrane permeability to sodium, increased muscular excitability, and muscle spasms or twitching.Which of the following is NOT a process that leads to Cushing's syndrome? Select one: A. Tumors of the adrenal gland B. Ectopic ADH secretion from small cell lung cancer C. Long-term use of glucocorticoids D. Tumors of the anterior pituitary E. Excessive ACTH productionwhich are/is true? select those that apply. A. insufficient growth releasing hormone (GHRH) results in pituitary dwarfism. B. Insufficient growth hormone results in pituitarydwarfism. C. abbnormally high secretion of growth hormones is typicallythe result of a hormone-secreting tumor of the parathyroid gland. D. acromegaly is the result of excess growth hormone during adolescence and puberty.
- Type-1 diabetes mellitus is: A. is usually the result of inappropriate hormone secretion B. both a primary pathology and is usually the result of inappropriate hormone secretion C. is usually the result of abnormal target cell responsiveness D. a secondary pathology E.both a secondary pathology and is usually the result of abnormal target cell responsiveness F. is a primary pathologyWhich of the following statements about hormones is not correct? A. The persistance of a hormone in the blood is usually of short duration.B. The time required for the onset of hormonal effects can vary C. Organ responses to hormones occur as soon as receptors are bound. D. The duration of hormone action is variable.Growth hormone therapy has been widely used to help people with dwarfism and has helped certain individuals to become taller. Which hormone would supplement or enhance the effects of hGH? Select one: a. calcitonin b. cortisol c. inhibin d. parathyroid