Q: 8. Equilibrium potential of different ions across the plasma membrane of a cell is calculated by the…
A: The saturation of the transient directional flow of charged ions at the cell membrane level is known…
Q: The typical distribution of K+ and Na+ ions inside and outside the cell is: [K+]in = 150 mM;…
A: Introduction The reversal potentials of the ions can be calculated by using the Nernst equation…
Q: The response of ligand gated ion channels is transient because ___ (can choose more than one…
A: The cellular response is initiated when a ligand binds to its specific receptors. The binding of…
Q: EXTRACELLULAR INTRACELLULAR ION CONCENTRATION CONCENTRATION (mM) (mM) K* 4 140 Na* 145 15 Cl- 110 4…
A: At the peak of action potential no flow of ions occur at equilibrium, means when membrane potential…
Q: Subject: Neurophysiology Many people thought that the inwardly rectifying K+ channel allows K to…
A: Movement of ions through specific ion channels in the membranes of specialized cells like the…
Q: he resting membrane potential of a neuron at 37°C is –60 mV (inside negative). If the freeenergy…
A: The Nernst Equation derives the determination of cell potential under non-standard conditions and…
Q: 37.Given an intracellular concentration of 120mM and an extracellular concentration of 15mM,…
A: Hi! Thank you for the questions. As you have posted multiple questions, I will be answering the…
Q: Define resting membrane potential and describe its electrochemical basis. Briefly discuss changes to…
A: ANSWER:- Define resting film potential and portray its electrochemical basis. RMP - Degree of the…
Q: Which factors determine the resting membrane potential? Explain why the resting membrane potential…
A: An action potential is a phenomena that happens when the voltage of a membrane rapidly increases and…
Q: Hyperkalemia was discussed at length in this module. If a cell is experiencing hyperkalemia, what…
A: Question- Hyperkalemia was discussed at length in this module. If a cell is experiencing…
Q: Please ASAP. Thank you Ion Extracellular Concentration (mM) Intracellular Concentration (mM) Na+…
A: The resting membrane potential is that potential of the cell when it is in a steady state. It…
Q: match the listed events to note if they would, or would not, occur in a neuron under the effects of…
A: Since it is a multipart answer it will be answered in next step.
Q: PARTICIPATION ACTIVITY: For each toxic effect below, use your knowledge of the phases of an action…
A: We know that neurons are specialized cells with the ability to conduct signals at a rapid pace all…
Q: Table Q1(a) shows typical values for the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of the major…
A: All cells have an electrical potential difference or membrane potential across their plasma…
Q: magine a toxin that blocks voltage gated K channels. What do you expect to see at the neuromuscular…
A: Toxins are very unstable.
Q: If the Cl- concentration outside of cells is 10 mM and inside of cells is 10mM, what would the Cl-…
A: In biology, the membrane has a reversal potential or equilibrium potential which possess the ability…
Q: True or False
A: “Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: At what time (in milliseconds) is the inside of the neuron the most positive and why? Explain why…
A: The graph represents action potential in neuron.
Q: <plain the following: What factors affect RMP? Why does a depolarizing stimulu
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: What is CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein?
A: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are the macronutrients. They are essential…
Q: Membrane Potential (mV) -70 + 1 3 Time (ms) 1 Na* continues to rush into the cell E Excess…
A: The Na +K + pump is found in cell membrane of neurons as well as in other animal cells. It helps in…
Q: What is LPS (not just what does it stand for)
A: Since you have asked multiple questions, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…
Q: 3) You are investigating the ionic selectivity of an ion channel opened by activation of a specific…
A: A. E(K+)= RTnFlnOUTIN=8.314×2981×96485ln5140=-0.089≈-89mV…
Q: + + + +, 212 LOGY - BIt | + + + Given the information provided in this question, if 212 is an anion…
A: The cell's interior is usually negative at resting membrane potential. This membrane potential is…
Q: concentration (mM) concentration (mM) Based upon these physiological concentrations and a normal…
A: In animal cells, the plasma membrane expresses a different types of ion channels and pump which…
Q: Na+] outside = .3 mM [Na+] inside the presynaptic cell = .01 mM [dopamine] inside = .5 mM…
A: Active transport It is defined as the transport of molecules across the cell membrane with the need…
Q: Ion Extracellular Concentration (mM) Intracellular Concentration (mM) Na+ 440 50 K+ 20 400…
A: Introduction : The equilibrium potential of an ion refers to the membrane potential of the neuron at…
Q: What is an electrochemical gradient? What is responsible for the generation of the resting membrane…
A: In living things the semipermeable membranes play an important role in creating gradients of…
Q: 1. Synaptic vesicles store calcium 2. Long bone grows in length as a result of endochondral…
A: Bones and muscles work together to help us move. They also perform other functions that help us grow…
Q: Conditions: [Na+] outside = .3 mM [Na+] inside the presynaptic cell = .01 mM [dopamine] inside =…
A: Autonomic nervous system consists of preganglionic neuron from CNS, ganglia and postganglionic…
Q: Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are ion channels found on animal cells. Some TRP…
A: Answer. The TRP channel is a receptor response that normally presents in around 28 types which are…
Q: What is the intracellular voltage for Cl- if the intracellular concentration was 5 mM and the…
A: The Nernst equation enables the calculation of the potential that will be established across the…
Q: n effector neuron is a motor neuron that transmits impulses from the CNS to an effector (muscle or…
A: Only if the stimulus is as intense as the skeletal muscle fiber's threshold will it be activated.…
Q: (ECF) of Na" = 142 mM, and K4.6 mM (ICF) of Na = 9 mM and K = 155 mM The membrane has eight (8)…
A: As per our guidelines, we are only allowed to answer the first question. kindly upload the rest of…
Q: Depolarisation & repolarisation in metaneuron - put the following events in order (from 1 to 4).…
A: Given: Depolarisation and repolarisation in metaneuron. Neuron releases neurotransmitter.The…
Q: ppose hdt Certain Cells lounu are shown below. The resting membrane potential is -75 mV. Assume that…
A: 1. The layer potential How the resting layer potential is laid out in a neuron Central issue A…
Q: Nervous Tissue electrical and chemical disequilibrium across cell membranes equilibrium potential…
A: Hi! Thanks for your question. As you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which…
Q: dentify the multiple mechanisms by which a drug can be pro-ergic or anti-ergic at a synapse.
A: Clinically used antiepileptic drug medication (AEDs) decrease membrane excitability by interacting…
Q: Write an equation balancing the electrical potential and chemical potential for 3 Na+ and 1 Ca2+.…
A: The chemical gradient (Δμ) generated from transporting a chemical species from side 1 of the…
Q: Lypically 10 the membrane potential at which a gra mv to 20 mv depolarized both of these.
A: Resting membrane potentials are maintained by 2 differing types of particle channels: the…
Q: Would a skeletal muscle fire an AP if a single quanta of ACh was secreted? Why or why not?
A: Acetylcholine (ACh) is a neurotransmitter that is produced by motor neurons and binds to receptors…
Q: Compare and contrast the neural plasticity mechanisms of presynaptic acilitation & presynaptic…
A: Synapses are extremely plastic. There are two forms of synaptic plasticity- homosynaptic plasticity…
Q: Synaptic vesicles store calcium Long bone grows in length as a result of endochondral deposition of…
A: Hello! Since you have posted multiple questions, we are answering the first part only. Kindly…
Q: You are recording from a cell with a resting membrane potential of -65 mV. You inject 100 pA of…
A: Electrophysiology of the cell -- Electrophysiology explains ,cell as electrical equivalent circuits…
Q: 9. You are performing an experiment at with an artificial membrane (i.e not a living cell). You…
A: A membrane is generally used to divide the sections. The concentration gradient is from high to low…
Q: Muscle Contraction In an experiment, the strength of a neural stimulus and the resulting muscle…
A: Since you have asked a question with multiple subparts, we will answer the first three subparts for…
Q: Need help Ligaments and tendons are tissues whose response varies with time and exhibits rate…
A: Hi dear, here's your answer. Tendons and ligaments show both non straight and viscoelastic conduct…
Q: 12. What transport rates for each condition would you expect if the experiment was repeated using…
A: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter and it gets transported via a transporter protein found in the…
Q: Describe the ion concentration gradients across the plasmamembrane of a neuron at resting potential.
A: Introduction Nerves play a vital role in the conduction of signals from CNS to various other organs,…
Subject: Neurophysiology
The neuron for this experiment is in a bath with [K+] = 2 mM and [Na+] = 150 mM.
-
- Calculate the Nernst Equilibrium potential for each ion.
-
- What is your estimate for the gNa and for gK? If you are more comfortable, use PNa and PK. Remember, these values should be between 0 and 1.
-
- What is the resting membrane potential for this cell?
-
- Draw an action potential for this neuron in this solution. Keep in mind that this neuron is in unusual solutions. Label each axis and indicate inward and outward currents. Be absolutely certain to label the peak voltage and threshold for the AP!
Step by step
Solved in 5 steps with 4 images
- Patch clamp recording of a single ion channel yields the following results: Holding Potential (mV) Measured Current (pA) -100 -1.0 -50 0.0 0 +1.0 +50 +2.0 +100 +3.0 part a.) Calculate the membrane potential at the instant when a neuron has the following relative permeabilities: PK+ = 1.0, PNa+ = 1.0, PCl- = 1.0. Use the ionic concentration values in the picture included. a.) -12 mv b.) -35mv c.) -60 mv d.) +20 mv e.) 0 mv part b.) What would be the equilibrium potential for K+ in neurons under such circumstances? a.) -11 mv b.) +30 mv c.) +75 mv d.) -35 mv e.) 0 mv part c.) What would be the new resting potential, discounting the effects of non-gated chloride channels (just give an approximate value – no calculation is necessary)? a.) about +20 to +25 mV b.) about -30 to -40 mV c.) about +1 to +5 mV d.) close to ENa+ e.) about -10 to -15 mVCalculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under normal physiological conditions: 4 mM serum potassium, 135 mM intracellular potassium, 37.1 °C, and resting potential -82 mV. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. Calculate the free energy of transport for the movement of potassium by the sodium/potassium pump under disturbed conditions of 2 mM serum potassium. Assume all other parameters remain the same. Express your answer in kJ/mol. Show all work. What factors could limit the continued action of the sodium/potassium pump when only 2 mM potassium is present in the blood plasma? Note that under normal physiological conditions, the cell interior contains 11 mM sodium and the blood contains 140 mM sodium.The typical distribution of K+ and Na+ ions inside and outside the cell is: [K+]in = 150 mM; [K+]out = 5 mM; [Na+]in = 10 mM; [Na+]out = 150 mM What are reversal potentials for Na+ and K+ at 25oC ? What should be the ratios of PNa/PK at (i) rest (-60 mV) and (ii) during the action potential (+20 mV) to generate a spike from -60 to +20 mV. Use the short form of Goldman equation.
- Table Q1(a) shows typical values for the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of the major ion species (in millimoles per litre) for frog skeletal muscle. Table Q1(a) Permeability (cm/s) 2 x 10-8 2х 10 Ions Intracellular Extracellular Na* 12 145 K+ 155 4 4 120 4 x 106 By referring to Table Q1(a), compute the equilibrium resting potential for this membrane by assuming the room temperature is 20° C. Given the Boltzman's constant, k = 1.38 x 1023 J/K and an electronic charge, q = 1.602 x 10-19 C.Myasthenia gravis is a disease that leads to a marked decrease in the number of acetylcholine (Ach) receptors at the neuromuscular junction. As a result, suppose only about 200 (instead of 2000) Ach receptor-channels are opened by each quantum of Ach. The Ach-gated channels that survive operate normally and each cause a depolarization of about 0.25 x 10-3 mV when open. The function of the presynaptic terminal is normal and an action potential will cause the release of 100 quanta of neurotransmitter. For a patient with myasthenia gravis, what would be the magnitude of the depolarization (in mV) associated with opening of one Ach-gated channel? a.) 0.25x10^-2 mv b.) 0.25x10^-3 mv c.) 0.25x10^-4 mv d.) 0.5x10^-1 mv e.) 0.5 mvMyasthenia gravis is a disease that leads to a marked decrease in the number of acetylcholine (Ach) receptors at the neuromuscular junction. As a result, suppose only about 200 (instead of 2000) Ach receptor-channels are opened by each quantum of Ach. The Ach-gated channels that survive operate normally and each cause a depolarization of about 0.25 x 10-3 mV when open. The function of the presynaptic terminal is normal and an action potential will cause the release of 100 quanta of neurotransmitter. Part a.) For a patient with myasthenia gravis, what would be the size (in mV) of a miniature excitatory post-synaptic potential (or that associated with one quantum of Ach)? a.) 0.05 mv b.) 0.25x10-4 mv c.) 0.25x10-3 mv d.) 0.5x10-3 mv e.) 0.5 mv Part b.) For a patient with myasthenia gravis, what would be the size (in mV) of the full excitatory post synaptic potential consequent to the entry of an action potential into the presynaptic terminal of the neuromuscular junction? a.) 70 mv…
- What is the intracellular voltage for Cl- if the intracellular concentration was 5 mM and the extracellular concentration was 130 mM. Write the voltage as a number in mV inside the cell relative to that outside, eg. -72 or + 90. Question 2. What is the intracellular voltage for Ca++ if the intracellular concentration was 0.0008 mM and the extracellular concentration was 0.6 mM. Write the voltage as a number in mV inside the cell relative to that outside, eg. -72 or +90. Round to the nearest milli Volt.One of the important uses of the Nernst equation is in describing the flow of ions across plasma membranes. Ions move under the influence of two forces: the concentration gradient (given in electrical units by the Nernst equation) and the electrical gradient (given by the membrane voltage). This is summarized by Ohms law: Ix=Gx(VmEx) which describes the movement of ion x across the membrane. I is the current in amperes (A); G is the conductance, a measure of the permeability of x, in Siemens (S), which is I/V;Vm is the membrane voltage; and Ex is the equilibrium potential of ion x. Not only does this equation tell how large the current is, but it also tells what direction the current is flowing. By convention, a negative value of the current represents either a positive ion entering the cell or a negative ion leaving the cell. The opposite is true of a positive value of the current. a. Using the following information, calculate the magnitude of Na [ Na+ ]0=145mM,[ Na+ ]i=15mM,Gna+=1nS,Vm=70mV b. Is Na+ entering or leaving the cell? c. Is Na+ moving with or against the concentration gradient? Is it moving with or against the electrical gradient?Separately, draw a table using arrows to depict the appropriate magnitude and direction of the forces and ion fluxes at different membrane potentials for a ligand-gated channel that is equally permeable to both ion X+ and ion Y+. The equilibrium potential for ion X+ is -60 mV, and the equilibrium potential for ion Y+ is -20 mV. Which item best represents the forces and fluxes for a membrane potential of -40 mV (a, b, c, or d)? Upwards arrows means outward direction and downwards arrow means inward direction. The length of the arrow determines the magnitude.
- Separately, draw a table using arrows to depict the appropriate magnitude and direction of the forces and ion fluxes at different membrane potentials for a ligand-gated channel that is equally permeable to both ion X+ and ion Y+. The equilibrium potential for ion X+ is -60 mV, and the equilibrium potential for ion Y+ is -20 mV. Which item best represents the forces and fluxes for a membrane potential of -40 mV?What happens to membrane potential during manipulation 4 in the attached figure (Figure 4.13 of the textbook)? 1 Efflux of Nat Nat efflux (logarithmic scale) 0 3 Recovery when K+ is restored 2 Nat efflux reduced by removal of external K 50 100 4 Efflux decreased by metabolic inhibitors, such as dinitrophenol, which block ATP synthesis 150 Time (min) 200 5 Recovery when ATP is restored " I 250 TATI 122 O Membrane potential does not change, because the Na+-K+ ATPase does not contribute to membrane potential. O Membrane potential is hyperpolarized, because the Na+-K+ ATPase is electrogenic and hyperpolarizes membrane potential when it is active. O Membrane potential is depolarized, because the Na+-K+ ATPase is electrogenic and hyperpolarizes membrane potential when it is active. 300Separately, draw a table using arrows to depict the appropriate magnitude and direction of the forces and ion fluxes at different membrane potentials for a ligand-gated channel that is equally permeable to both ion X+ and ion Y+. The equilibrium potential for ion X+ is -60 mV, and the equilibrium potential for ion Y+ is -20 mV. Which item (a, b, c, or d) best represents the forces and fluxes for a membrane potential of +20 mV? Upwards arrows means outward direction and downwards arrow means inward direction. The length of the arrow determines the magnitude.