What is the rate of consumption of oxygen in a combustion reaction carried out in a 23.40-L flask if 4.05 mmol of O₂ is consumed in 39.9 ms? 4.0 M/S
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- One of the components of polluted air is NO. It is formed in the high-temperature environment of internal combustion engines by the following reaction: N2(g)+O2(g)2NO(g)H=180KJ Why are high temperatures needed to convert N2 and O2 to NO?Amoxicillin is an antibiotic packaged as a powder. When it is used to treat babies and small animals, the pharmacist or veterinarian must suspend it in water, so that it can be administered orally with a medicine dropper. The label says to dispose of unused suspension after 14 days. It also points out that refrigeration is required. In the context of this chapter, what is implied in the latter two statements?Determine rxnH 25 C for the following reaction: NO g O2 g NO2 g This reaction is a major participant in the formation of smog.
- 62 Ammonium dinitramide (ADN), NH4N(NO2)2, was considered as a possible replacement for aluminium chloride as the oxidizer in the solid fuel booster rockets used to launch the space shuttle. When detonated by a spark, AND rapidly decomposes to produce a gaseous mixture of N2,O2, and H2O. (This is not a combustion reaction. The ADN is the only reactant.) The reaction releases a lot of heat, so the gases are initially formed at high temperature and pressure. The thrust of the rocket results mainly from the expansion of this gas mixture. Suppose a 2.3-kg sample of ADN is denoted and decomposes completely to give N2,O2, and H2O. If the resulting gas mixture expands until it reaches a temperature of 100°C and a pressure of 1.00 atm, what volume will it occupy? Is your answer consistent with the proposed use of ADN as a rocket fuel?Classify the following processes according to their rates as very slow, slow, or fast: a.The souring of milk stored in a refrigerator b.The cooking of an egg in boiling water c.The rusting of a shovel left in the garden over the winter d.The growing of corn during a warm summer e.The burning of a lighted match.Iodomethane (CH3I) is a commonly used reagent in organic chemistry. When used properly, this reagent allows chemists to introduce methyl groups in many different useful applications. The chemical does pose a risk as a carcinogen, possibly owing to iodomethanes ability to react with portions of the DNA strand (if they were to come in contact). Consider the following hypothetical initial rates data: [DNA]0 ( mol/L) [CH3I]0 ( mol/L) Initial Rate (mol/Ls) 0.100 0.100 3.20 104 0.100 0.200 6.40 104 0.200 0.200 1.28 103 Which of the following could be a possible mechanism to explain the initial rate data? MechanismIDNA+CH3IDNACH3++IMechanismIICH3ICH3++ISlowDNA+CH3+DNACH3+Fast
- Silicon forms a series of compounds analogous to the al-kanes and having the general formula SinH2n+2. The first of these compounds is silane, SiH4, which is used in the electronics industry to produce thin ultrapure silicon films. SiH4(g) is somewhat difficult to work with because it is py-ropboric at room temperature—meaning that it bursts into flame spontaneously when exposed to air. (a) Write an equation for the combustion of SiH4(g). (The reaction is analogous to hydrocarbon combustion, and SiO2 is a solid under standard conditions. Assume the water produced will be a gas.) (b) Use the data from Appendix E to calculate ? for this reaction. (c) Calculate G and show that the reaction is spontaneous at 25°C. (d) Compare G for this reaction to the combustion of methane. (See the previous problem.) Are the reactions in these two exercises enthalpy or entropy driven? Explain.What is the rate of consumption of oxygen in a combustion reaction carried out in a 23.40-L flask if 4.05 mmol of O₂ is consumed in 39.9 ms? 4.0✔ .004 X M/sIn the laboratory, hydrogen gas of good purity can most easily be obtained by the reaction of a strong acid, like sulfuric acid, on a reactive metal, such as zinc: Zn(s) + H₂SO4(aq) ZnSO₂ (aq) + H₂(g) Suppose an engineer decides to study the rate of this reaction. She prepares four reaction vessels by adding 141.7 g of solid zinc and 66. mL of 5.0 M sulfuric acid solution to each, and then filling the remainder of the vessel with distilled water. The volume and temperature of each vessel is shown in the table below. Arrange the reaction vessels in decreasing order of initial rate of reaction. In other words, select a "1" next to the vessel in which the engineer can reasonably expect the initial rate of reaction to be highest, a "2" next to the vessel in which the initial rate of reaction would be next highest, and so on. vessel volume temperature A B с D 2.0 L 5.0 L 3.0 L 3.0 L 5.0 °C 4.0 °C 5.0 °C 4.0 °C X initial rate of reaction ✓ ? ? 1 (highest) 2 3 4 (lowest) Ś
- In the laboratory, hydrogen gas of good purity can most easily be obtained by the reaction of a strong acid, like sulfuric acid, on a reactive metal, such as zinc: Zn(s)+H,SO,(uq) - ZnS0, (ag) +H,{g) Suppose an engineer decides to study the rate of this reaction. He prepares four reaction vessels by adding 131.1 g of solid zinc and 74. mL of 5.0 M sulfuric acid solution to each, and then filling the remainder of the vessel with distilled water. The volume and temperature of each vessel is shown in the table below. Arrange the reaction vessels in decreasing order of initial rate of reaction. In other words, select a "1" next to the vessel in which the engineer can reasonably expect the initial rate of reaction to be highest, a "2" next to the vessel in which the initial rate of reaction would be next highest, and so on. Initial rate of reaction vessel volume temperature S0L 20 °C 5.0L -2,0 °C 50L 0°C 50L -3.0°CThe atmosphere slowly oxidizes hydrocarbons in a number of steps that eventually convert the hydrocarbon into carbon dioxide and water. The overall reaction of a number of such steps for methane gas is:CH4(g) + 5 O2(g) + 5 NO(g) ------> CO2(g) + H2O(g) + 5 NO2(g) + 2 OH(g) Suppose that an atmospheric chemist combines 155 mL of methane at STP, 885 mL of oxygen at STP, and 55.5 mL of NO at STP in a 2.0-L flask. The flask stands for several weeks at 275 K. If the reaction reaches 90.0% of completion (90.0% of the limiting reactant is consumed), what is the partial pressure of each of the reactants and products in the flask at 275 K? What is the total pressure in the flask?In the laboratory, hydrogen gas of good purity can most easily be obtained by the reaction of a strong acid, like sulfuric acid, on a reactive metal, such as zinc: Zn(s)+H,SO,(aq) ZnSO,(aq)+H, (g) Suppose an engineer decides to study the rate of this reaction. He prepares four reaction vessels by adding 160.9 g of solid zinc and 83. mL of 5.0 M sulfuric acid solution to each, and then filling the remainder of the vessel with distilled water. The volume and temperature of each vessel is shown in the table below. Arrange the reaction vessels in decreasing order of initial rate of reaction. In other words, select a "1" next to the vessel in which the engineer can reasonably expect the initial rate of reaction to be highest, a "2" next to the vessel in which the initial rate of reaction would be next highest, and so on. alo Ar initial rate of vessel volume temperature reaction A 1.0 L 14.0 °C В 4.0 L 14.0 °C ? 2.0 L 14.0 °C 8.0 L 14.0 °C v ? 1 (highest) 2 4 (lowest) >