Q: What is a retrovirus and how does information flow for a retrovirus differ from that for the…
A: A virus is a microscopic parasite that can replicate and reproduce only inside living cells. The…
Q: What is unusual about genetic information flow in retroviruses?
A: The greatest breakthrough in the central dogma was the discovery of retroviruses that transcribe RNA…
Q: Explain the Retroviral vectors of Gene Therapy ?
A: Retrovirus is used to infect the mammalian cells as they used host cells to multiply. Retrovirus is…
Q: What is the purpose of the targeting vector?
A: In molecular cloning, vector is a segment of DNA molecule, which is used as an artificial carrier of…
Q: What is conjugation? What role do plasmids play in conjugation?
A: Bacteria are the most important microorganisms to the food processor. Some bacteria are beneficial…
Q: Why are retroviruses important?
A: A virus is composed not of DNA but of RNA. Retroviruses have an enzyme, called reverse…
Q: What is one stumbling block in AAV gene therapy in some patients?
A: Biotechnology is technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms or parts of this to…
Q: How did clone USA300 and other strains of MRSA become so dangerous?
A: The reason is;
Q: Which of the following viruses have been used as vectors for gene delivery?
A: Gene delivery is a process of introducing the foreign genetic materials which are DNA and RNA into…
Q: Which of the following is a way in which plasmids may be introduced into host organisms?
A: Plasmids or transposons are considered replicons, units of DNA capable of replicating autonomously…
Q: What are vector borne diseases?
A: A disease is a sickness or illness characterized by specific symptoms and signs. A disease that…
Q: How does a transducing particle differ from an infectiousbacteriophage?
A: Bacteriophages are beneficial viruses that infect bacterial cells and lysed them or killed them.…
Q: What functions must a plasmid encode to be self-transmissible?
A: A plasmid that codes for its own mating pair formation (MPF) genes is called self transmissible or…
Q: What are the considerations for choice of a vector in gene therapy?
A: HIV consists of single-stranded RNA in the replication form that has been transcribed into…
Q: What is generalized transduction?
A: Reproduction involves the transfer of DNA from parents to offspring. Experiment of the Griffith in…
Q: What does the enzyme reverse transcriptase do and why is it agood target for anti-HIV drugs?
A: A virus is a submicroscopic infectious agent. It replicates only inside the living cells of an…
Q: What alternatives are there to antibiotics to address bacteria that have resistance?
A: Answer: ANTIBIOTICS: These are the medications which are useful in killing or inhibiting the growth…
Q: What mechanism of antibiotic resistance does the NDM gene code for?
A: Antibiotic Resistance is the phenomenon by which any bacteria can survive in the presence of…
Q: Contrast the use of plasmid vectors with that of BAC orYAC
A: Cloning vectors are also commonly called as vectors. They play an important part in molecular…
Q: How does specialized transduction differ from generalized transduction?
A: Transduction is a method of gene transfer in bacteria from donor to recipient using bacteriophage.…
Q: What processes do Conjugative plasmids control?
A: Conjugation is the process of genetic material transfer between two bacterial cells through direct…
Q: Why are retroviruses so named? What is required to carry outthis process?
A: Retroviruses are the group of viruses that belong to the Retroviridae family and carry their genetic…
Q: What is commonly used as a vector for introducing a DNA fragment in human lymphocytes?
A: Gene therapy is a method that allows the correction of the defective gene. In gene therapy, it is…
Q: What is the difference between generalized and specialized transduction?
A: Transduction is a method of gene transfer in bacteria from donor to recipient using bacteriophage.…
Q: If HIV was just an enveloped virus, but not a retrovirus, which of the following drugs would likely…
A: Virus captures the host replication machinery and multiplies its genome. This is the foundation of…
Q: What is the role of Ku70/80 in direct repair of DSBs?
A: DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to DNA…
Q: What distinguishes a retrovirus from an LTR transposon, and how is this difference enabled?
A: LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements characterized by the presence of long…
Q: What are Bacterial Plasmid Vectors ?
A:
Q: What is a retroviral modification ?
A: Retroviruses are a type of virus in the viral family called Retroviridae. They use RNA as their…
Q: How is foreign DNA inserted into host cells?
A: Several techniques of recombinant DNA technology include the insertion of a foreign DNA into a host…
Q: Why is phage conversion considered beneficial to host cells?
A: Phages are viruses that have bacterial cells as their host.
Q: How might an RNA-based genome result in an increased infection rate? What are some potential…
A: Answer: RNA- based genome = When a microbe (viruses mainly) contain RNA as their genetic material…
Q: What types of viruses are used for gene therapy, and how are they manipulated to make them useful?
A: Gene therapy is the technique used to cure or prevent the disease by introducing the normal gene in…
Q: What are three reasons that retroviruses are studied so much these days?
A: Retroviruses are enveloped, icosahedral viruses that possess a RNA of about 7-10 kb. They are…
Q: What are the implications of resistance gene transfer for the future practice of medicine?
A: Bacteria multiply quickly and have a variety of methods for exchanging DNA. This is how they are…
Q: What is the purpose of including a tube in the phage assay in which only the E. coli culture is…
A: Insects that feed on fecal, dung material and raw sewage are termed as coprophagous insects. These…
Q: Describe the generation of multiple-drug-resistantplasmids
A: Drug inactivation or modification is one mechanism of drug resistance. Changes to the target site.…
Q: Why are viruses used in gene therapy?
A: Gene therapy is a procedure that modifies a person's genes in order to treat or cure a disease. Gene…
Q: Why is the detection of viral RNA not equivalent to a high risk transmission method?
A: The detection of the viral RNA, detection of infectious virus and equivalent transmission risk are…
Q: What are the potential concerns regarding the use of viral vectors in gene therapy?
A: Introduction :- Gene therapy is the process of changing the genes in your body's cells in order to…
Q: Which vector is used to replace the defective gene in gene therapy?
A: Gene therapy focuses on utilizing the nucleic acids as a drug to treat cancer and other genetic…
Q: What is the Ti plasmid and how is it modified for the genetic modification of plants?
A: Plasmids are circular and extrachromosomal DNA (sometimes RNA) present in prokaryotic as well as…
Q: What is the effect of oncogenic viruses on the organisms?
A: A gene that encodes a protein that is capable of transforming cells in culture or inducing cancer in…
Q: Explain Gene therapy with viral vectors?
A: Gene therapy is a medical technique that is used in the treatment of diseases by the help of genes.…
Q: What are retroviral diseases?
A: HIV/AIDS stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome. This is an…
Q: From the perspective of a bacteriophage, what is the advantage of being able to follow either a…
A: Bacteriophage :A type of virus which infects and replicates inside bacteria. These are composed of…
Q: What must a vector contain?
A: Vector is a nucleic acid molecule containing Viral DNA or RNA and plasmid yeast or bacterial…
Q: What are vectors define as in microbiology?
A: Microbiology is the study of organisms that are microscopic. In microbiology, we study organisms…
Q: What are the implications of mutation to Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a pathogenic strain
A: Introduction P. aeruginosa is a pathogen known to cause severe diseases in a variety of hosts. It…
What is the main problem with retroviral vectors?
Retroviral vectors are created by removing replication and disease-causing genes from the virus and then replacing these genes with a cloned human gene. When the altered RNA has been packaged into the virus, the recombinant viral vector containing the therapeutic human gene is used to infect a patient's cell.
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- What are the components needed for the processes of transformation, conjugation, and transduction? How does each process occur? What genes are involved in each process? How do generalized and specialized transduction differ? What is the end result of each?How does specialized transduction differ from generalized transduction?What are retrovirus-like elements?