Chapter21: Emergency Procedures
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 11RQ
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Question
What is Opioid use disorder?
Expert Solution
Step 1
Opioids
- are a class of medications that function by interacting with opioid receptors in your cells to relieve pain.
- Opioids can be made naturally from the poppy plant, such as morphine (Kadian, Ms Contin, and others), or synthetically, such as fentanyl (Actiq, Duragesic, others).
MECHANISM OF ACTION
- By engaging with mu, delta, or kappa opioid receptors, opioids mimic the activities of endogenous opioid peptides.
- The opioid receptors are linked to G1 proteins, therefore opioids have primarily inhibitory effects.
- They shut N-type voltage-operated calcium channels and
- open calcium-dependent inwardly-rectifying potassium channels.
- Hyperpolarization and a decrease in neural excitability follow as a result of this.
- They also reduce intracellular cAMP, which regulates nociceptive neurotransmitter release (e.g. substance P).
- The main mechanism of analgesic action is cyclooxygenase inhibition of prostaglandin production.
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