What does a positive output gap indicate about the economy? The economy has slack, and the Central Bank will be on the lookout for deflation. The economy is running below its potential, and the Central Bank will be on the lookout for inflation. The economy is running above its potential and the Central Bank will be on the lookout for inflation. FEE me
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- On June 5, 2003, the European Central Bank acted to decreasethe short-term interest rate in Europe by half a percentagepoint, to 2 percent. The bank’s president at the time, WillemDuisenberg, suggested that, in the future, the bank could reducerates further. The rate cut was made because European coun-tries were growing very slowly or were in recession. What effectdid the bank hope the action would have on the economy? Bespecific. What was the hoped-for result on C, I, and Y?A Wall Street Journal offered the following opinion of the bond market in September 2012, when inflation rate was about 2%: Ac€A?Someone buying long-term bonds yielding 1.5% or 2% and then seeing consumer price inflation of 4%, will be on the loosing end of the betAc€??. a. Explain verbally and illustrate graphically what will happen to the price of bonds if expected inflation increases to 4% from 2%. Be sure to include in your answer the demand the bond market. b. Explain why someone buying long-term bonds yielding 1.5% or 2% and then seeing consumer price inflation of 4%, will be on the loosing end of the bet. c. Suppose that you expect a greater increase in inflation than do others investors, but that you do not expect the increase to occur until 2015. Should you wait until 2015 to sell your bond? Briefly explain. d. The columnist also argued that long-term bonds would be a good investment if only Ac€A? when we get serious price deflationAc€?? Ac€?c *Explain verbally and illustrate…The economy begins in longcrun equilibrium. Thenone day, the president appoints a new chair of theFederal Reserve. 11\is new chainnan is well known forher view that inflation is not a major problcn1 for aneconomy.a. How would this news affect the price level thatpeople would expect to prevail?b. How would this change in the expected pricelevel affect the nonlinal wage that workers andfmn.s agree to in their new labor contracts?c. How would this change in the nonlinal wageaffect the profitability of producing goods andservia,s at any given price level?d. How docs this change in profitability affect theshort-run aggregate-supply curve?e. ff aggregate demand is held constant, how docsthis sllift in the aggregate-supply curve affect theprice level and the quantity of output produced?f. Do you think this Fed chainnan was a goodappointment?
- Explain why it is not possible for growing economies to have price stability whenthe money supply is constantDuring the global financial crisis, how was the Fed ableto help offset the sharp increase in financial frictionswithout the option of lowering interest rates further?Did the Fed’s plan work?In the basic New Keynesian model, suppose that there is an increase in government spending. • First, suppose that the central bank does nothing (accommodates the shock). Illustrate onthe graphs and explain what will be the effects on inflation and output? • Second, suppose that economy initially has inflation equal to the central bank’s inflationtarget and an output gap of zero. What action do you expect the central bank wouldundertake? Illustrate you answer on the graph and explain. PLEASE SHOW ALL HAND WRITTEN STEPS AND WORK!
- Interest rate 3 The graph below illustrates the money demand and investment demand for the economies of Pabst and Kokanee. Pabst Kokanee a. If money supply is increased by 25, what will be the new interest rate? Round your answers to one decimal place. Pabst: % Kokanee: % b. What will be the increase in investment spending as a result of this new interest rate? Pabst: Kokanee: c. If the multiplier is 2 in each economy, what will be the increase in GDP? Pabst: Kokanee: d. In which economy would monetary policy be more effective in closing a recessionary gap? PabstKokanee 3 2 1 10 9 8 MD MS 33 Interest rate 2 1 7 6 (110,1.5) 0 70 80 90 100 110 120 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Quantity of money Quantity of investment MS MD Kokanee Interest rate 3 10 9 8 2 1 70 90 100 110 120 130 0 Quantity of money 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Quantity of investmentHow does high inflation lead to a recession in the country? Explain the role ofthe Government and the Central Bank to address the economic recessionproblem by using appropriate fiscal and monetary policies.Suppose that changes in bank regulations expand theavailability of credit cards so that people can holdless cash.a. How does this event affect the demand formoney?b. If the Fed does not respond to this event, what willhappen to the price level?c. If the Fed wants to keep the price level stable,what should it do?
- Suppose an economy is in long-run equilibrium.a. Use the model of aggregate demand andaggregate supply to illustrate the initialequilibrium (call it point A). Be sure to includeboth short-run aggregate supply and long-runaggregate supply.b. The central bank raises the money supply by5 percent. Use your diagram to show whathappens to output and the price level as theeconomy moves from the initial equilibrium to thenew short-run equilibrium (call it point B).c. Now show the new long-run equilibrium (call itpoint C). What causes the economy to move frompoint B to point C?d. According to the sticky-wage theory of aggregatesupply, how do nominal wages at point Acompare with nominal wages at point B? How donominal wages at point A compare with nominalwages at point C?e. According to the sticky-wage theory of aggregatesupply, how do real wages at point A comparewith real wages at point B? How do real wages atpoint A compare with real wages at point C?f. Judging by the impact of the money…Money demand is likely to increase the most during which part of the business cycle? A. recession B. trough Ос. рeak O D. contraction O E. recoveryEconomists have a high regard for Paul Volcker because it was he who decided to have 12 regional banks. it was he who designed the Fed to be the lender of last resort. O he was willing to be unpopular in order to do what he thought was the right thing. O he was able to cure the inflation problem without causing any harm to business owners. it was he who devised the system of national income accounts now known as GDP.