What do you call the intermediate that condenses with acetyl CoA as it enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle forming citrate?
Q: Why is acetyl CoA an especially appropriate activator for pyruvate carboxylase?
A: The citric acid cycle (TCA) is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which…
Q: Which of the enzymes in glycolysis are NADH linked dehydrogenases?
A: Glycolysis is the first step in energy production from glucose. Carbohydrates from the food are…
Q: The tricarboxylate transport system supplies cytosolic acetyl-CoA for palmitate synthesis. What…
A: The biosynthesis of plamitate requires acetyl-CoA and also the input of chemical energy in two forms…
Q: Which of the following cofactors is NOT used by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? a. NAD+ b. FAD…
A: The pyruvate formed by the process of glycolysis is converted into acetyl-CoA. The reaction is…
Q: Glycolysis reaction produces a molecule of Acetyl CoA. True or False?
A: Cellular respiration is that the process by which organisms mix oxygen with food molecules,…
Q: What are the steps involved (in order) in the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA?
A: Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA: Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis and acetyl CoA is…
Q: Which of the following is a key molecule that functions as oxidation end product in the catabolism,…
A: Fatty acids undergo a catabolic process known as a beta-oxidation pathway in order t generate energy…
Q: What are the precursors needed to synthesize myristic acid? O 7 malonyl-CoA H O 3 acetyl-CoA, 4…
A: Introduction: Myristic acid is also known as tetradecanoic acid, which is a saturated fatty acid…
Q: What do you mean by acetyl-CoA carboxylase?
A: The term ‘Enzyme’ stands for the biochemical messengers present in the body. These secreted from…
Q: How many ATP molecules result from the processing of 10 acetyl CoA molecule through the common…
A: Glucose is metabolized through the glycolytic pathway, whose end product is the three carbon…
Q: Which enzymes of the citric acid cycle are missing from the glyoxylate cycle?
A: The glyoxylate cycle utilizes five of the eight enzymes associated with the tricarboxylic acid…
Q: If the w-carbon atom of a fatty acyl CoA molecule with a C18 chain is labeled with C14, how many…
A: Fatty acids consist of an carboxylic acid group at one end of the molecule, thus making it an acid.…
Q: The liver converts a variety of pyruvate- forming substances to glucose during starvation. Which of…
A: Glucose is the principal source of energy in organisms. Often other sources of carbohydrates and…
Q: what is the function of Pyruvate carboxylase, Alcohol dehydrogenase
A: Introduction: The major source of energy for all the living cells on this planet is carbohydrates.…
Q: Acetyl-CoA is directly made from which organic molecule?
A: Acetyl-CoA (Coenzyme A) is a 2-carbon organic compound that enters unto citric acid cycle in the…
Q: What is the fate of cytosolic pyruvate when it is reduced by cytosolic NADH?
A: The metabolic pathway is be defined as the series of chemical reactions occurring in a living…
Q: To which class does each enzyme belong? Explain hexokinase alanine aminotransferase alcohol…
A: The International Union of Biochemists (IUB) classifies enzymes into six functional classes based on…
Q: what is the inhibitor of Acetyl-Co
A: Fatty acid metabolism includes Fatty acid biosynthesis (an anabolic process) and β- oxidation of…
Q: In the presence of an excess of [14C]acetyl- COA, the metabolic pool of malonyl-CoA becomes labeled…
A: Lipids are the biomolecules that are esters of fatty acids along with alcohol where fatty acids are…
Q: What is the significance of acetyl-CoA as a "strategic intermediate" in respiration?
A: The Krebs cycle is a metabolic mechanism that aids in the conversion of the pyruvate molecule to…
Q: What reaction brings acetyl CoA into the citric acid cycle?
A: ATP is the energy currency for all living cells. The citric acid cycle is a combination of 8…
Q: The synthesis of acetyl-CoA from pyruvic acid serves as a bridge between which of the following…
A: Aerobic respiration occurs in presence of oxygen. It includes glycolysis, citric acid cycle and…
Q: Why is acetyl-CoA considered the central molecule of metabolism?
A: Metabolism is the term used to describe set of chemical reactions that are involved in the living…
Q: What is the normal fate of citrate formed by the condensation of acetyl CoA with oxaloacetate?
A: Introduction: The oxaloacetate combines with acetyl CoA to form citrate which is the starting point…
Q: How Is Pyruvate Oxidatively Decarboxylatedto Acetyl-CoA
A: Oxidative decarboxylation is a process in which carbon dioxide is produced through removal of a…
Q: Which citric acid cycle intermediate can move from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm to become the…
A: TCA cycle is the final common oxidative pathway for fats, carbohydrates and amino acids. Various…
Q: What are the similarities and differences between the reactions catalyzed by pyruvate dehydrogenase…
A: Introduction Respiration is a metabolic process involving the oxidation of organic compounds to form…
Q: What is the common end-product of the catabolism of the branched chain amino acids that are…
A: Amino acids are converted to the TCA cycle intermediates through transamination reactions. The TCA…
Q: If the carbonyl carbon of acetyl-CoA were marked with 14C, where would that carbon be located within…
A: Metabolism includes biosynthesis/ reduction (an anabolic process) and oxidation (catabolic…
Q: How many molecules of acetyl CoA, FADH2, and NADH are produced in the catabolism of a molecule of…
A: Arachidonic acid is a polyunsaturated fatty acid contained in the phospholipids of the body's cell…
Q: Malate synthase, an enzyme of the glyoxylate cycle, catalyzes the condensa- tion of glyoxylate with…
A: Cellular respiration is a catabolic pathway of the process of metabolism, where a series of chemical…
Q: How does pyruvate from glycolysis get to the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex?
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex : It is a complex of three enzymes that converts pyruvate into…
Q: What are the coenzymes of El and E2 of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? Explain their roles and…
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a complex of three enzymes that converts pyruvate into acetyl-CoA…
Q: In the reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase, which of the following molecules is classified as…
A: Malate dehydrogenase enzyme is involved in the TCA cycle that occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.…
Q: The acetyl group of acetyl-CoA is derived from the breakdown of lipids, carbohydrates, and certain…
A: Acetyl Co A is a two carbon intermediate produced by the reaction of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.…
Q: Explain the difference of carbohydrate (glycolysis) from lipid (β-oxidation) metabolism in terms of…
A: It is asked to explain the difference of carbohydrate (glycolysis) from lipid (β-oxidation)…
Q: If glycerol enters glycolysis as dihydroxyacetone phosphate, what other steps are required to form…
A: Glycolysis is the process to convert glucose to pyruvate. Glucose is a six-carbon compound whereas…
Q: Which of the following is NOT a component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? a. dihydrolipoyl…
A: PDC is a multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA during…
Q: What one carbon waste product of cellular respiration is formed as the 3 carbon product of…
A: Cellular respiration It refers to the process through which organisms utilize oxygen for the…
Q: An intermediate of the citric acid cycle that undergoes reductive amination with glutamine as…
A: The citric acid cycle is a set of chemical reactions that release energy from carbs, lipids, and…
Q: What is the final fate of the carbons in acetyl-CoA after several turns of the citric acid cycle?
A: Citric acid cycle: It is a series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to release…
Q: what is the metabolic reaction\pathway in which the propionyl CoA caboxylase evzyme is involved ? (…
A: The series of chemical events that keep organisms alive is known as metabolism. Food is converted to…
Q: Does Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex have coenzymes and Allosteric regulation?
A: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) is a three-enzyme complex that decarboxylates pyruvate into…
Q: What is the purpose of converting citrate to isocitrate in the Citric Acid Cycle?
A: Krebs cycle is also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid cycle. This cycle takes…
Q: The same reactions that were seen in the process of converting pyruvate to acetyl-S-CoA, occur in…
A: Cellular respiration is a series of metabolic reactions and processes carried out in the cells of…
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- The conversion of pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA involves an oxidative decarboxylation. Correct the path of the electrons through this mechanism: Pyruvate -> NAD -> lipoamide -> FAD -> TPPThe citric acid cycle is shown. The methyl carbon in acetyl CoA is labeled with C14C14 (shown in red). Identify which of the carbons in each intermediate will be labeled in the first round of the cycle by selecting the indicated carbon(s). Each question has multiple options, please choose more than one. Which carbon(s) in α‑ketoglutarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 Which carbon(s) in succinyl‑CoA will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in succinate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in fumarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in malate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in oxaloacetate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4coo- 21 CH2 316 НО-С-СОО- HOC COO- 4 CH2 | 5, °coo-
- In the pyruvae dehydrogensae complex, acetyl-coa is released by the dihydrolipoyl transacetylase activity. What is the purpose of the following enzymatic activity.The citric acid cycle is shown. The methyl carbon in acetyl CoA is labeled with C14C14 (shown in red). Identify which of the carbons in each intermediate will be labeled in the first round of the cycle by selecting the indicated carbon(s). Each question has multiple options except citrate. Which carbon in citrate will contain C14? 4 1 3 2 Which carbon(s) in isocitrate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 6 Which carbon(s) in α‑ketoglutarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 5 Which carbon(s) in succinyl‑CoA will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in succinate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in fumarate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in malate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4 Which carbon(s) in oxaloacetate will contain C14? 1 2 3 4The citrate cycle is a metabolic engine generating [ Select: "carbon monoxide", "NAD, FAD and GDP", "carbon dioxide, NADH, FADH, and GTP"] from the fuel [ Select : "triglycerides", "acetyl-CoA"]. It is considered a cycle since all components must be maintained beginning with the addition of the two carbons from acetyl-CoA to form [ Select ] ["succinate", "citrate"] from [ Select ]["fumarate", "oxaloacetate"]. The citrate cycle depends on the presence of oxygen since [ Select ]["oxygen is directly required in the citrate cycle", "oxygen is required for NADH and FADH2 oxidation, and their accumulation in the absence of electron transport results in feedback inhibition of the citrate cycle"] .
- The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl‑CoA. E1E1 , E2E2 , and E3E3 are abbreviations for the enzymes of the complex. Classify the enzyme names, prosthetic groups, and reactions as E1E1 , E2E2 , or E3E3 .To which class does each enzyme belong? Explain hexokinase alanine aminotransferase alcohol dehydrogenase pyruvate decarboxylaseMost fatty acids have an even number of carbons and, therefore, are completely metabolized to acetyl-CoA. A fatty acid with an odd number of carbonsis metabolized to acetyl-CoA and one equivalent of propionyl-CoA. The following two reactions convert propionyl-CoA into succinyl-CoA, a citric acidcycle intermediate, so it can be further metabolized. Each of the reactions requires a coenzyme. Identify the coenzyme for each step. From what vitaminsare the coenzymes derived? (Hint: see Chapter 23.) COO− COO−CH2CH2methylmalonyl-CoA succinyl-CoA CH3CH2 SCoA
- What is the common end-product of the catabolism of the branched chain amino acids that are converted to succinyl CoA? alpha-ketoglutarate glyceraldehyde phosphate oxaloacetate . propionylCoA isovalerateHow many molecules of acetyl CoA, FADH2, and NADH are produced in the catabolism of a molecule of arachidonic acid, an 20-carbon carboxylic acid? How many times does the spiral reaction sequence occurA fatty acid (a long straight-chain carboxylic acid with an even number of carbons) is metabolized to acetyl- CoA, which can then enter the citric acid cycle to be further metabolized (Section 24.9). A fatty acid with anodd number of carbons is metabolized to acetyl-CoA and one equivalent of propionyl-CoA. Propionyl-CoA cannot enter the citric acid cycle. Two coenzyme-requiring enzymes are needed to convert it to succinyl-CoA, acompound that can enter the citric acid cycle. Write the two enzyme-catalyzed reactions and include the names of the required coenzymes.