What are the three typical grading layers? Subgrade, base, finish surface Straight grade, base, finish surface Section grade, base, finish surface Slope grade, base, finish surface

Structural Analysis
6th Edition
ISBN:9781337630931
Author:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Publisher:KASSIMALI, Aslam.
Chapter2: Loads On Structures
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can you please answer the following questions on the picture please.

What are the three typical grading layers?
Subgrade, base, finish surface
Straight grade, base, finish surface
Section grade, base, finish surface
O Slope grade, base, finish surface
Transcribed Image Text:What are the three typical grading layers? Subgrade, base, finish surface Straight grade, base, finish surface Section grade, base, finish surface O Slope grade, base, finish surface
What is a scale factor?
The figure of the Earth considered as a sea level surface extended continuously through the continents. It is a
theoretically continuous surface that is perpendicular at every point to the direction of gravity (the plumb
line). It is the surface of reference for astronomical observations and for geodetic leveling.
The ratio of the radius of the earth to the sum of the radius of the earth, a line's average orthometric height,
and the geoidal separation.
A solid formed by rotating and ellipse around either axis; its plane sections are all ellipses of circles.
A multiplier for reducing a distance obtained from a map by computation or scaling to the actual distance on
the datum of the map. In the state plane coordinate system, scale factors are applied to geodetic lengths to
obtain grid lengths, or to grid lengths to obtain geodetic lengths. Both are lengths on a sea-level datum, but
the grid lengths are affected by the distortion of the map projection.
Transcribed Image Text:What is a scale factor? The figure of the Earth considered as a sea level surface extended continuously through the continents. It is a theoretically continuous surface that is perpendicular at every point to the direction of gravity (the plumb line). It is the surface of reference for astronomical observations and for geodetic leveling. The ratio of the radius of the earth to the sum of the radius of the earth, a line's average orthometric height, and the geoidal separation. A solid formed by rotating and ellipse around either axis; its plane sections are all ellipses of circles. A multiplier for reducing a distance obtained from a map by computation or scaling to the actual distance on the datum of the map. In the state plane coordinate system, scale factors are applied to geodetic lengths to obtain grid lengths, or to grid lengths to obtain geodetic lengths. Both are lengths on a sea-level datum, but the grid lengths are affected by the distortion of the map projection.
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