Vaccination against influenza is considered the most effective way to limit the spread of influenza worldwide. However, influenza continues to occur as a pandemic despite the widespread use of vaccines during the flu seasons”. 4.1 Discuss why it is difficult to achieve herd immunity with the influenza vaccination rolled-out every year.
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‘’Vaccination against influenza is considered the most effective way to limit the spread of influenza worldwide. However, influenza continues to occur as a pandemic despite the widespread use of
vaccines during the flu seasons”.
4.1 Discuss why it is difficult to achieve herd immunity with the influenza vaccination rolled-out every year.
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps
- ‘’Vaccination against influenza is considered the most effective way to limit the spread of influenza worldwide. However, influenza continues to occur as a pandemic despite the widespread use of vaccines during the flu seasons”.4.1 Discuss why it is difficult to achieve herd immunity with the influenza vaccination rolled-out every‘’Vaccination against influenza is considered the most effective way to limit the spread of influenza worldwide. However, influenza continues to occur as a pandemic despite the widespread use ofvaccines during the flu seasons”.4.3 Describe the significance of antigenic shift and antigenic drift in influenza A virus infection.Smallpox has been widely reported as a possible bioterror weapon. Given what you know about the etiology of the disease and the current state of the world’s immunity to smallpox, discuss how effective (or ineffective) a smallpox weapon might be. What kind of defense could be mounted against such an attack?
- Briefly Explain this statement "Immunomodulator Agents "-Please explain at your own words.Influenza viruses mutate rapidly, whereas the chickenpox virus doesnot. Why are people encouraged to receive vaccinations againstinfluenza every year, whereas immunity to chickenpox lasts fordecades?Tuberculosis and the effect tuberculosis vaccination hesitancy has had on vaccine-preventable diseases in the US?
- Can a mouse infected with Bacillus anthracis generate antibodies against the S-layer? How do you know? I need help finding the answer in the article and explain in short answer link to article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC106848/“T-lymphocytes are the most important arm of the immune response in protecting the community against virus infection.” Do you agree with this statement? Explain your reasoningMost immunizations require multiple exposures to the vaccine (i.e., boosters). Why is this the case?
- (56) A 1 year old boy dies of staphylococcal pneumonia. He has had multiple skin infections since birth. Separation of the umbilical cord was delayed. A skin window test was performed and no leukocyte accumulated on the cover ship. The cytometric analysis showed that only 5% of the T lymphocytes reacted with a monoclonal antibody to leukocyte functional antigen-1 chain (CD 18) compared with reactivity of 62 % for a normal subject. Just prior to death, his leukocyte count was 75,000/mm3. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? (A) AIDS (B) Cogenital Asplenia (C)Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (D) Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease (E) X linked agammaglobulinemiaConsider that the Herd Immunity Threshold is dependent on the reproduction number for an infectious disease. The combination of herd immunity and quarantines were highly effective for eradicating smallpox. What is different about the symptoms of polio infection that makes quarantining infected individuals much more difficult?Historically , vaccinations have prevented the spread of certain diseases chicken pox or meningitis. What type of externality takes place with th consumption of such vaccines. Explain with words and a graph.