transcription initiation site GCAGTGACCGGATATAACGAAGAGGAATGCCGTACAAA 5' UCCUUAC 3' Which of the following sequences accurately represents the RNA derived from this gene? 5' GCAGTGA 3' 3' UCCUUAC 5' -10 5' CGUCACU 3' +10 3' AGGAATG 5'
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Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
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- Given the following mRNA, write the double-stranded DNA segment that served as the template. Indicate both the 5 and the 3 ends of both DNA strands. Also write out the tRNA anticodons and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the mRNA message. DNA: mRNA: 5-CCGCAUGUUCAGUGGGCGUAAACACUGA-3 protein: tRNA:Consider the following DNA template: 5’-AAGAGGTTCCAATGCAGGCACTCACCAACTCTTAAATAAA-3’ 3’-TTCTCCAAGGTTACGTCCGTGAGTGGTTGAGAATTTATTT-5’ If the bottom DNA strand is used as template to transcribe mRNA, predict the amino acid sequence that would result from the process of translation. Met-Ala-Leu-Thr-Gln-Glu-Gly Met-Gly-Ser-Leu-Asn-Ser-Gln Met-Thr-Asn-Ser-Leu-Ala-Gln Met-Gln-Ala-Leu-Thr-Asn-Ser Met-Glu-Ala-His-Trp-Ser-TyrThis is part of the Escherichia coli DNA sequence that contains an inverted repeat. (Note: top strand is the coding strand). 5'-AACGCATGAGAAAGCCCCCCGGAAGATCACCTTCCGGGGGCTTTATATAATTAGC-3' 3'-TTGCGTACTCTTTCGGGGGGCCTTCTAGTGGAAGGCCCCCGAAATATATTAATCG-5' (i) Draw the structure of hairpin loop that will be formed during the end of transcription. (ii) Describe the function of the hairpin loop during transcription.
- The following segment of DNA is part of the RNA-coding sequence of a transcription unit. If the bottom strand is template, which of the following RNA sequences would be transcribed? DNA: 5-'ATAGGCGATGCCA-3' 3'-TATCCGCTACGGT-5' O 5'-UAUCCGCUACGGU-3' O 5'-ACCGUAGCGGAUA-3' O 5'-AUAGGCGAUGCCA-3' O 5'-UGGCAUCGCCUAU-3'Give the RNA molecule sequence transcribed from the following DNA sequence of a eukaryotic gene and with the correct 5' and 3' ends. DNA: 5'-ATAGGGCATGT-3' 3'-TATCCCGTACA-5' <--- template strand Group of answer choices 5'-ATAGGGCATGT-3' 3'-UAUCCCGUACA-5' 5'-AUAGGGCAUGU-3' 3'-TATCCCGTACA-5'This is part of the Escherichia coli DNA sequence that contains an inverted repeat. (Note: top strand is the coding strand). 5'-AACGCATGAGAAAGCCCCCCGGAAGATCACCTTCCGGGGGCTTTATATAATTAGC-3' 3'-TTGCGTACTCTTTCGGGGGGCCTTCTAGTGGAAGGCCCCCGAAATATATTAATCG-5' Draw the structure of hairpin loop that will be formed during the end of transcription.
- Shown below is an E. coli's DNA sequence coding for XXR protein. The nucleotides are numbered 1 to 330. Transcription starts at the Transcription Start Site (TSS) that is the base located at position 57. -55 5' AATAAСTTGAGATTTTGATTGACАТССТТСТСАCAGAGCCTATAATACCТАТТТС 3' 3'TТАТTGAACTСТААААСТААСТGTAGCAACAGTGTCТСGGATATTATGGATAAAG 5' 56- 5' ТACGTATAGAСАСТСAGAGGAAAGACAGAGAGAGAGTTAGCATTGTACTАТСТСТ 3' 3' АTGCATATСТсTGAGTCTCCTTтстстстстстсТСААТСGTAACATGATAGAGA 5' 65- -105 --110 -140- 5' СТTTTAGATATATCTCТАТСТСТСТСАСТССАТСТТТСТCGTGTTAACACAAСА 3' 3' GAAAATCTATАTAGAGATAGAGAGAAGTGAGGTAGAAAGAGCACAAТТСTСТTGT 5' 111- -120- -130- -150- -160----165 166- --175- --185- -195 -205- -215-----220 ------- 5' GTCACAGACTCACAGATCTTTGTCGGTGATCGGAGATGGAGTTCCGGGAGAAGCT 3' 3' CAGTGTCTGAGTGTCТAGAAACAGCCACTАGССТСТАССТСААGGCCCTСТТCGA 5' 221- -230- 240 -250 -260 -270-----275 5' TTATAAGTTCAAGTTGCAATAGGTGTTTGCCTTTGTTTTATCTCTCCTCACCGTA 3' 3'ААТАТТСААGTTCAACGTTATCCАCAAACGGAAACAAAАТAGAGAGGAGTGGCAT 5' 276- -285- -295- -305 -315…The sequence below is of the DNA duplex for a gene in which transcription begins with the nucleotide highlighted by the arrow. If the upper strand shown is the template strand, write the sequence you expect for the mRNA transcribed from this gene. Please write 5' to 3'. 5'-[x]-3' 5'-TACGTGACGGTAATACTAGC-3' 3'-ATGCACTGCCATTATGATCG-5'The DNA sequence below is transcribed from left to right (the partner/coding strand is shown). Using this sequence, write the sequence of the polypeptide that results from this gene. Be sure to appropriately label the ends of the molecule. 5'-ATGCACGGCGACTAG-3' Second letter A UAU Tyr UAC First letter U A G U UUU1 UUC UUA LOU Leu CUU CUC CUA CUG Phe GUU GUC GUA GUG Leu AUU AUC lle AUA AUG Met Val C UCU UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG ACU ACC ACA ACG GCU GCC GCA GCG Ser Pro Thr Ala CAU His CAC CAA CAG Gin AAU Asn AAC AAA 1 Lys AAG LYS G {}a UAA Stop UGA Stop A UAG Stop UGG Trp GAU 1 GAC Asp GAA GIU Glu GAGJ UGU UGC CGU CGC CGA CGG AGU AGC AGA AGG Cys GGU GGC GGA GGG Arg Ser Arg DOA DOA DOA DUTO Third letter Gly
- 3’ TACAATGGGCGACGCGCTTCGTTTCAGATT 5’ 5’ ATGTTACCCGCTGCGCGAAGCAAAGTCTAA 3’ Make vertical lines between codons to make this assignment easier to do. Which strand is the template strand? The first strand is the template strand as it going 3-5 Copy the template strand in mRNA. Label the 5’ and 3’ ends. 5' AUG UUA CCC GCU GCG CGA AGC AAA GUC UAA 3” Write out the amino acid (you can use the short form) that this protein would be made of (keep in mind proteins are usually a minimum of 50 proteins. Met-Leu-Pro-Ala-Ala-Arg-Ser-Lys-Val What do you notice about the mRNA strand compared to the non template strand of DNA? 2. What amino acid does the second codon code for on the DNA template strand? ______Assume the 6th amino acid in the strand is changed from a T to a C. What amino acid does it code for now? _______ What type of mutation is this? 3. Assume the 6th amino acid is changed from T to G on the DNA template strand. What type of mutation is this? What effect would…For the messenger RNA sequence below, find the beginning of the amino acid coding sequence and translate the sequence using the genetic code provided below. 5' - AAUUAUGGGCAAUAUGCCGGGCcGGUUAAGCG - 3' Second Letter A UGU cys u UGC Phe UCU UU U UUC UUA UAU Tyr Ser UAC UAA UAG Leu UCA Stop UGA Stop UUG UCG Stop UGG Trp CUU CU CAU His CGU c cuc Leu ccc ССА CCG Pro CÁC CAA CAG CGC CGA CGG Arg CUA CUG Gin 1st 3rd letter Ser u letter AUU ACU AAU AAC AAA AAG Asn A AUC AUA AUG lle ACC ACA AGU AGC AGA AGG Thr Lys Arg Met ACG GUU G GUC GUA GUG GCU GAU GAC GAA Asp GGU Val GCC Ala GGC Gly GCA GGA Glu GCG GAG GGG GAnswer the following whether it is TRUE or FALSE: 1. For each DNA segment 3'-ACCTGCCTACCCG-5' the sequence of the mRNA molecule synthesized is 5'-TGGACGGATGGGC-3' 2. In the template strand TACCGAGGTATGTAC, the coding strand is 5'-ATGGCTCCATACATG-3'. 3. In the template strand TACCGAGGTATGTAC, the coding strand is 5'-AUGGCUCCAUACAUG-3'. 4. The template strand is the strand of DNA used for RNA synthesis. 5. Transcription forms a messenger RNA molecule with a sequence that is identical to the DNA template from which it is prepared.