The potential for social interactions among individuals should be maximized when individuals a. are randomly distributed in their environment. b. are uniformly distributed in their environment. c. have a clumped distribution in their environment. d. None of the choices is correct.
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| The potential for social interactions among individuals should be maximized when individuals |
| a. are randomly distributed in their environment. |
| b. are uniformly distributed in their environment. |
| c. have a clumped distribution in their environment. |
| d. None of the choices is correct. |
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- A social interaction between an actor and a recipient can influence their relative fitness. When the outcome of such an interaction brings harm to both participants, the action is described as being _________. A. asymbiotic. B. spiteful. C. antagonistic. D. selfish.The“unsuccessful mutualists” in Kathleen Keeler’s cost-benefit model ofmutualism are those that:a.give benefits to their partner, but fail to receive benefits in return.b.receive benefits from their partner, but fail to provide benefits inreturn.c.neither give benefits to their partner, nor receive them in return.d.fail to locate individuals of their mutualistic partner effectively.e.locate mutualistic partners, but fail to overcome their defenses againstcolonization.In Hamilton's rule, rB > C, the term "C" refers to a. the number of offspring an individual could potentially gain as a result of behaving altruistically b. the average number of offspring an individual is expected to lose as a result of behaving altruistically c. the coefficient of relatedness between two individuals d. the number of offspring gained by an individual that receives help from an altruist
- i. Actors and recipients are characterised by increased reproductive success in mutually beneficial interactions. ii. Actors benefit and recipients incur costs (i.e., are harmed) in selfish interactions. iii. Actors incur costs (i.e., are harmed) and recipients benefit in altruistic interactions. iv. Actors incur costs (i.e., are harmed) and recipients incur greater costs in spiteful interactions.v. Hamilton's rule can be used to show that an allele encoding altruistic behaviour could be favoured; spiteful behavior, however, never can evolve. Question 1 options: A) Statements i, ii, and iii convey accurate information. B) Statements i, ii, iii, and v convey accurate information. C) Only statement v conveys inaccurate information. D) Statements ii, iii, iv, and v convey accurate information. E) All statements convey accurate…When an individual behaves in a way that reduces its own fitness butincreases the fitness of others, the organism is exhibitinga. kin selection. b. group selection. c. altruism. d. selfishness. e. ignorance.Provide a brief explanation for each factor listed in each item. How do nature interactions vary for different people based on theira. cultural backgroundb. socioeconomicsc. valuesd. health status?
- Value of one more item to you declines the more items you have…Explain this statement in the context of behavioral ecology.Why do we need to be cautious when interpreting research on the precise effects of biological factors on gender-related differences in behavior and gender identity? a. it is extremely difficult to isolate the effects of biological factors from differences in parenting or social experiences. b. Research samples are often too small and are rarely representative of the population. c. The results of studies are often ambiguous or contradictory, because different researchers measure the same characteristic in different ways. d. all options. Hamilton suggests altruistic behaviors are favorable when A. cost/benefit is greater than the coefficient of relationship B. cost/benefit is less than the coefficient of relationship C. benefit/cost is less than the coefficient of relationship D. None of the above .Hamilton's rule (where r is the degree of relatedness, B is the benefit to the recipient, and C is the cost to the altruist) predicts that natural selection should favor altruistic acts under certain circumstances. Which of the following circumstances are unlikely to lead to selection favoring altruism? A. B is small B. C is large C. r is small D. All of the above If the last slice of pizza is worth 4 to you and is worth 7 to your mother, then according to Hamilton's rule A. you should take the last slice of pizza. B. you should give the last slice of pizza to your mother.. C. you should cut the last slice of pizza in half and take half for you and give half to your mother.. D. None of the above, Hamilton's rule cannot be…
- A scientist is curious about the effects of diet on the gut length of spadefoot toad tadpoles. She collects tadpoles from pools and dissects them to determine the length of their gut and their diet. This study is…. Group of answer choices A. observational because she is not manipulating an independent variable B. possibly the most boring thing I have ever read C. experimental because she is doing it in the lab D. observational because she is doing it outside E. experimental because she is controlling the independent variableWhatis not included in the defining characteristics of eusociality?a.Reproductive and non-reproductive castesb.Intrasexual selection of matesc.Multi-generational cohabitationd.Cooperative care of younge.All are defining characteristicsAssume you are studying a lizard that is involved in males displaying to females and females choosing males to mate with. The females will raise the offspring by themselves. Which of the following benefits might females be receiving in this system? a. Direct benefits b. Indirect benefits c. Both a. and b. d. Neither a. nor b.