The physician recommends treatment with exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result of the effect of GLP-1 on glucose homeostasis in the patient? a.Glucagon secretion in response to fasting B. Glucagon secretion in response to a meal C. Insulin secretion in response to fasting d. Insulin secretion in response to a meal

The physician recommends treatment with exenatide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist. Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result of the effect of GLP-1 on glucose homeostasis in the patient? a.Glucagon secretion in response to fasting B. Glucagon secretion in response to a meal C. Insulin secretion in response to fasting d. Insulin secretion in response to a meal

Essentials of Pharmacology for Health Professions

7th Edition

ISBN:9781305441620

Author:WOODROW

Publisher:WOODROW

Chapter23: Endocrine System Drugs

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 15CRQ

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The hormones insulin and glucagon play an important role in the regulation of plasma glucose. b) People with Type II diabetes mellitus can manage their condition (maintain adequate glycaemic control) through use of oral hypoglycaemic drugs. Provide a rationale for how two hypoglycaemic drugs, with different mechanisms of action, can both work to lower blood glucose levels in Type II diabetes.
Which of the following statements about insulin istrue?a. Insulin acts as a transport protein, carryingglucose across the cell membrane.b. Insulin facilitates the movement of intracellularglucose transporters to the cell membrane.c. Insulin stimulates the breakdown of storedglycogen into glucose.d. Insulin stimulates the kidneys to reabsorbglucose into the bloodstream
A patient diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus is admitted to the medical unit with pneumonia. The patient's oral antidiabetic medication has been discontinued and the patient is now receiving insulin for glucose control. Which of the following statements best explains the rationale for this change in medication? acute illness like pneumonia will cause increased insulin resistance b. stress-related states such as infections increase risk of hyperglycaemia c. insulin administration will help prevent hypoglycaemia during the illness d. infection has compromised beta cell function so the patient will need insulin from now on
Identify the partial sequence of events that occurs after the insulin binds to its receptor. 1. Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) 2. Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase activity 3. Activation of phosphodiesterase 4. Activation of phospholipase C 5. Phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 6. Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 -kinase (P1-3 kinase) 7. Binding of Grb 2 8. Activation of a phosphatase 9. Dephosphorylation of pyruvate kinase 10. phosphorylation of pyruvate kinase 2-7-1-4-3-9 1-7-3-5-6-8 2-1-6-5-8-9 2-7-1-6-5-8-9 2-7-4-6-1-8-10
Bodybuilders have been known to inject insulin to increase muscle mass because it stimulates protein anabolism. What is one of the risks associated with this practice in terms of K+ levels: elevated blood plasma K+ (hyperkalemia) or decreased blood plasma K+ (hypokalemia)? Could the practice of injecting insulin to increase muscle mass be fatal?
1. Which of the following accurately compares the role of glucagon and insulin in regulating blood glucose levels? a. Glucagon stimulates organs and tissues to increase their uptake of glucose, whereas insulin stimulates organs and tissues to release glucose. b. The primary function of both glucagon and insulin is to facilitate the uptake of glucose into body cells. c. Glucagon stimulates organs and tissues to release glucose, whereas insulin stimulates organs and tissues to increase their uptake of glucose. d. Glucagon reduces blood glucose levels via glycolysis, whereas insulin increases blood glucose levels via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Define the following terms:a. second messengerb. desensitizationc. target celld. insulin resistancee. adenylate cyclase
93. In an experiment to determine the effect of the route of administration of glucose on insulin secretion, a healthy 25-year-old man is given oral glucose and an equivalent dose of intravenous glucose on different days. Serum studies show that the insulin concentrations are greater after oral glucose than after intravenous glucose. In comparison with intravenous glucose, oral glucose augments insulin secretion by which of the following actions? A) Decreases secretion of glucagon B) Decreases secretion of somatostatin C) Increases secretion of acetylcholine D) Increases secretion of epinephrine E) Increases secretion of gastrointestinal hormones
Glucagon: a. Increases glucose transport to skeletal muscle cells b. Increases glycogen synthesis in liver cells c. Inhibits gluconeogenesis in liver d. Increases cellular cAMP level e. Inhibits glucose synthesis in hypoglycemia
This is a question assigned after reading the case study available here https://sciencecases.lib.buffalo.edu/files/statins.pdf HMG CoA reductase is activated by insulin signaling, and inhibited by glucagon signaling. Explain why insulin resistance and type II diabetes often are accompanied by elevated cholesterol levels.
Insulin preparations can have the following durations of action:A. Fast and longB. Fast, medium and longC. Polar, non-polar, neutralD. Very fast, fast, medium and longE. Subpolar, polar, non-polar
Why is it physiologically advantageous for the pancreas to use GLUT2, with a high Ky glucose entry into ß cells? M, as the transporter that allows GLUT2 is a low-affinity glucose transporter; therefore, insulin is only released in response to elevated circulating glucose levels. GLUT2 is a low-affinity glucose transporter; therefore, glucagon is only released in response to elevated circulating glucose levels. GLUT2 is a high-affinity glucose transporter; therefore, glucagon is released continuously in response to the constant rate of glucose uptake. GLUT2 is a high-affinity glucose transporter; therefore, insulin is released continuously in response to the constant rate of glucose uptake.