The photomicrograph shows a section of synovium from the knee joint of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Which of the following are the most abundant cells in the inflammatory infiltrate? A. Eosinophils B. Langhans type giant cells C. Lymphocytes and plasma cells D. Neutrophils E. Type A and B synovial cells
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- Which is not characteristic of Hodgkin lymphoma in the following options A.randomness and uncertainty of the site of the disease B.lymph nodes are the primary source in about 90% of cases, the disease usually starts from one or a group of lymph nodes and gradually spreads to nearby lymph nodes C. tumor cells are a unique type of tumor giant cells, which only account for 1-5% of all cell components in the pathological tissues D. R-S cells in tumor tissues of different cases or in different pathological stages of the same case are different E. in the later stages of HL, the bone marrow may be involved in about 10% of casesWhich of the following sentences is CORRECT? A. Adipose tissue can have a structural, storage, and cushioning functions B. The release of histamine by mast cells attracts WBCS to sites of injury or infection C. Adipose tissue and reticular connective tissue are special types of loose connective tissue D. Normally, neutrophilic leukocytes are the most circulating type of WBCS E. Type I tropocollagen is the dominant form of tropocollagen in collagen fibres F. All of the above G. A and E H. B, C and DAll of the following can result in lymphedema (the accumulation of interstitial fluid due to interference with lymphatic drainage) except a. surgical removal of a group of lymph nodes. b. obstruction of lymph vessels that drain a lymph node, as might occur with a tumor or an infection. c. radiation therapy, which may cause scar formation of lymph vessels. d. exercise that increases the flow of lymph in the lymph vessels.
- A pathology report from a biopsy of an enlarged supraclavicular node reads, ‘Collagen bands extend from the node capsule to encircle nodules of abnormal tissue. A characteristic lacunar cell variant of the Reed–Sternberg cell is often found. Eosinophilia is frequent.’ Which ONE histological subtype of Hodgkin lymphoma is being described in this statement? Select one: A.Lymphocyte depleted B.Mixed cellularity C.Nodular sclerosing D.Lymphocyte predominanta 24-year-old who has recently returned from a skiing vacation in the Canadian Rockies, presents to his physician with a swollen left knee. There is a decrease in range of motion and pain upon walking. Physical examination reveals a painful left knee which is swollen. X-ray of the knee reveals the accumulation of fluid and subsequent synovial fluid analysis indicates lymphocytes but a lack of neutrophils. Please discuss whether this knee injury is acute or chronic inflammation and what mediators were likely to be involved in this inflammation.Atherosclerosis is a disease of the vascular endothelium. The principal players in the atherogenic processare lipid materials and even cells of the immune system.a. What lipids from the diet participate in the atherogenic process and how did each of themcontribute to the “lipid theory” of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis?b. What immune system cells participate and how do they mediate in the atherogenic process
- Make an illustration that connects the events in inflammation mediated by chemical substances. Use the following words to come up with the output connected by arrows. 1. Modified proteins 16. C142356789 2. Kininogen 3. Prostaglandins 4. Clotting system 5. Antigen 17. Kallikrein 18. Platelets 19. Serotonin 20. Kinins 21. C1423 22. Anaphylotoxins 6. Lysosomal enzymes 7. Antibody 8. C1 9. Kallikreinogen 23. Chemotactic factor 24. Serum factors 10. C142 25. C14235 11. Antigen/Antibody 12. Cells migration 26. C1423567 27. Injurious stimuli 13. Histamine 28. Acute inflammation 14. Plasmin system 29. Increased vascular permeability 15. C3 30. Chronic inflammationWhich of the following statements regarding the lymphatic system is not true? A. Lymph originates from excess cellular fluid B. Lymph nodes trap bacteria C. Swelling of the lymph nodes indicates dysfunction of the lymphatic system D. Swelling of the lymph nodes indicates proper functioning of the lymphatic systemWhich of the following is lymphoma A.reactive hyperplasia of lymph nodes B. histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis C. infectious mononucleosis D. mycosis fungoides E. giant lymph node hyperplasia
- Describe the inflammatory process that occurs and include that role that neutrophils and monocytes will play at the site of injury in a cut hand.Each sentence below describes a step of inflammation. Indicate the order in which these steps occur by choosing the corresponding number, beginning with 1. Note that not every step shown in the interactive is listed here. Description Order Tissue-resident sentinel cells secrete cytokines and inflammatory mediators. Migration of neutrophils into inflamed tissue. 8. Low-affinity interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Expression of adhesion molecules increases on endothelial cells. Receptors on endothelial cells are bound by pro- 4 inflammatory molecules. High-affinity interactions lead to stable arrest. 6 2 Neutrophils kill microbes by phagocytosis and destruction in lysosomes. Innate receptors on tissue-resident sentinel cells recognize microbes.Which of the following is most directly responsible for the increasein capillary permeability during the inflammatory reaction?a. painb. white blood cellsc. histamined. tissue damage