The neural and hormonal control of the digestive system is divisible into three phases. Discuss the gastric phase of the regulation which produces more than 50% of gastric acid.
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- Define gastric inhibitory polypeptideDiscuss the intestinal phase of gastric secretion regulation with examplesDescribe the main actions in the mouth, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine during lipid digestion and absorption. Describe the substrate(s) and product(s) of each of the give major enzymes we discussed: lingual lipase, gastric lipase, pancreatic lipase, phospholipase A2, and carboxyl ester lipase. Describe emulsification of lipids. Why does this need to happen for digestion and absorption to occur? Describe how lipids are absorbed at the apical membrane. Describe lipid transport in the enterocyte. Describe lipid transport across the basolateral membrane and into circulation. Define the brain-gut axis and give examples of how lipids impact. Give examples of symptoms related to malabsorption of lipids. Give examples of diseases/conditions involving malabsorption of lipids.
- Describe where in the digestive tract the chemical digestion of each of the following types of nutrients occurs:carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.Describe the different ways in which food is chemically digested, including the role of the various components of saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, and bile. explain which hormones control the release of each of these secretions, the cells used (acinar, parietal cells, etc.), and a description of what molecules are being digested and what they are being broken into.Describe the different ways in which food is chemically digested, including the role of the various components of saliva, gastric juice, pancreatic juice, and bileExplain which hormones control the release of the each of these secretions, the cells used (acinar, parietal cells, etc), and a description of what molecules are being digested and what they are being broken into
- Give the neuronal nd hormonal mechanisms of the intestinal inhibition.Put the following events in the correct chronological order in regards to digestion of protein as it flows through the digestive tract: 1. Activation of pepsin 2. Release of cholecystokinin 3. Release of pancreatic proteases 4. Gastric acid secretionAn individual suffers a deficiency in functional pancreatic lipase so that this enzyme is not normally active. What food component will this effect and how will it be affected? What functions of food processing will be affected? How will the individual’s nutrition be impacted by this deficiency? Answer the third question, How will the individual’s nutrition be impacted by this deficiency? Be as detailed as possible
- Bicarbonate is Multiple Choice secreted into the lumen by gastric epithelial cells and into the interstitial fluid by pancreatic duct cells. secreted into the lumen by pancreatic acinar (exocrine) cells, and into the interstitial fluid by pancreatic duct cells. secreted into the lumen by pancreatic duct cells, and into the interstitial fluid by pancreatic acinar (exocrine) cels. secreted into the interstitial fluid by gastric epithelial cells, and into the lumen by pancreatic duct cells. secreted into the lumen by both gastric epithelial cells and pancreatic duct cells.Describe the mechanism of action of salivary amylase. Explain how it works and on what type of molecules.Identify the original site of these chemical secretions- these should be labeled on the diagram: Pepsin HCL (hydrochloric acid) Sucrase Lactase Maltase Bile Salivary amylase Pancreatic lipase Pancreatic amylase Aminopeptidase Sodium Bicarbonate Trypsin Carboxypeptidase Insulin Glucagon