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The first exposure of a person to an allergen results in the production of the IgE class of immut surfaces of mast cells and release of which of the following?
O A) Calcium
O B) Interferon-a and interferon-B
O C) Interleukin-6 (IL 6)
O D) Leukotriene
O E) Substance P.
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Solved in 3 steps
- Which of the following happens during inflammation? A) O The capillaries supplying blood to the area become more permeable. B)O Certain cytokines cause deadened nerve endings, alleviating pain. C) O Neutrophils exit blood vessels and phagocytize cells in the infected area. 11) D.OB cells and T cells exit blood vessels and interact with pathogens. E) O two of the above are correctAttraction of leukocytes to an inflammatory site is called b) chemotaxis X) margination e) phagocytosis7. Which of these cells can activate both B & T lymphocytes? a) Helper T cells b) Plasma cells c) Cytotoxic T cells d) Neutrophils e) Mast cells 8. Which of the following happens when a B cell is activated? a) Inflammation b) The activated B cell differentiates into plasma cells and memory cells c) The B cell will suppress the immune response d) It acts as a phagocyte to engulf antigens e) The activated B cell will release haptens 9. How are T lymphocytes activated? a) Release of histamine during the inflammatory process triggers their activation b) By interferon and antibodies Contact with exposed collagen activates helper T cells d) Through direct contact with a foreign antigen e) Activation of any component of the nonspecific immune response will activate T cells 10. The variable region of an antibody c) ngang naging a) Binds to a specific epitope on an antigen. b) Can bind to several different antigens on the same bacterial cell. c) Binds to the first complement protein (C1). d) Is…
- 1. During an HIV infection, a doctor would expect which of these cytokines to be most elevated? A) TGF-B B) IL-8 C) IFNY D) IL-11. What phagocytic cells utilize in their membrane to identify phagocytic objects? A) Opsonin receptors B) Fc receptors C) Toll-like receptors D) All of the above E) None of the above. 2. Which is NOT a measure for fighting against viral infections? A). TNF-α B). IFN-Y C). IL-1 D). IL-4 E). All of the above promote anti-viral reactions. 3. Which could be the chain formula for IgA in the mucosa? Α). απλη Β). (μ2λ2)s C). αμκ2 D). μ2K2 E). (α2K2)2While you are jogging carly in the moming, you slip on some ice and skin your knee. Following the breach in skin, which of the following MIGHT be expected? a) Release of histamine, prostaglandins and leukotrienes b) Extravasation of neutrophils c) Complement activation d) ONLY a & b e) All of the Above
- 7. The major innate cell type to eliminate viral-infected cells are A). NK cells B). Neutrophils C). Macrophages D). Dendritic cells E). Tc cells. 8. Antibodies in the serum were secreted from A). TH cells B). Plasma cells C). Antigen presenting cells D). Naïve B cells E). Mature B cells 9. Which can initiate anti-viral responses? A). Tal cytokines released by epithelial cells. B). TH1 cytokines released by B cells. C). TH2 cytokines released by NK cells. D). TH17 cytokines released by basophils. E). All of the above.Helper T cells: A) produce antibodies B) can act as memory cells C) initiate both the cell mediated response and the humoral response D) all of the aboveThe circulating cytokines that recruit large numbers of phagocytes to the area of inflammation, resulting in pus, are called: O1) pyogens O 2) pyrogens 3) interferons O 4) defensins
- The basis of all allergic responses lies with the production of ______ by _______. A) antibodies, T cells B) histamine, mast cells C) histamine, B cells D) complement, B cells30. What is the correct unit for WBC count? YOUR TRAINING. YOUR CAREER. YOUR FUTURE. a) 103 /L b) 105L c) 10/L d) 10L e) 1012/L 31. Which of the following is not a type of T lymphocytes? a) killer cell b) memory cell c) suppressor cell d) plasma cell e) helper cell 32. When preparing a reticulocyte smear: a) the stains used are new methylene blue or brilliant cresyl blue b) the stain and blood must react together for 15 minutes prior to making smear c) the smear may be stained with Wright's stain after drying d) two of the above 33. If a supersaturated solution is allowed to cool: a) it will sublimate b) the solute will precipitate out of the solution c) more solute can be added to the solution d) it will become an isotonic solution 34. Rejection of an implanted organ is due to: a) autoimmunity b) isoimmunity c) artificial passive immunity d) natural passive immunity 35. Sickle sell disease: a) is due to sex linked inheritance b) is due to incomplete dominance inheritance c) requires a…Which of the following among A-D is not a characteristic of T cells? A) O Cytotoxic T cells can kill vius-infected cells. 111 B) O Cytotoxic T cells respond to antigen bound to MHC class I molecules, 0 O Certain T helper cells bind to and activate macrophages and dendritic cells. D) O Certain T helper cells activate B cells for antibody production. E) O All the above are characteristics of T cells.