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- Which of these is paired incorrectly?a. prometaphase—the kinetochores become attached tospindle fibersb. anaphase—daughter chromosomes migrate toward spindlepolesc. prophase—the nucleolus disappears and the nuclearenvelope disintegratesd. metaphase—the chromosomes are aligned in the metaphaseplatee. telophase—a resting phase between cell division cyclesFigure 28.11 depicts the eukaryotic cell cycle. Many cell types “exitâ€� the cell cycle and don’t divide for prolonged periods, a state termedG0; some, for example neurons, never divide again. a. In what stage of the cell cycle do you suppose a cell might be when it exits the cell cycle and enters G0? b. The cell cycle is controlled by checkpoints, cyclins, and CDKs. Describe how biochemical events involving cyclins and CDKs might control passage of a dividing cell through the cell cycle.Match each term with its best description. ___ cell plate a. lump of cells ___ spindle b. made of microfilaments ___ tumor c. divide plant cells ___ cleavage furrow d. spindle originates here ___ contractile ring e. dangerous metastatic cells ___ cancer f. made of microtubules ___ centrosomes g. indentation ___ telomere h. shortens with age
- Taxol is an anticancer drug extracted from the Pacific yew tree. In animal cells, Taxol disrupts microtubule formation. Surprisingly, this stops mitosis. Specifically, Taxol must affect formation of the centrioles the structure of the mitotic spindle chromatid assembly anaphase O00OThe cell cycle of an average mammalian cell is illustrated below. How long did it take for the above-illustrated mammalian cell to complete one cell cycle?How long did the mitosis/cytokinesis phase (M phase) last? What % of the total cell-cycle timedoes that constitute to? What phase takes the longest time to complete during cell cycle and what % of the total cellcycle time does that constitute to? Explain why you think this might be the longest phase of thecell cycle.How long was the S phase? What is happening in the cell during the S phase?of my celle chose are wels smaller than normal. According to Model 1, what part(e) of the cell cycle is (ere) ou likely being affected? Some cancerus me 7. In Model 1, if the length of the arrow represents time, then for those cancerous cells, what hap pens to the time that is necessary for the cell cycle? What implication might this have for doctors who are treating cancer patients? Why? Living things must grow and develop. At times they suffer injuries or damage, or cells simply wear out. New cells must be formed for the organism to survive. What process must occur to make a new, properly- functioning cell? Model 1 - Mitosis as Part of the Cell Cycle Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Mitosis How do living things grow and repair themselves! Replicated chromosome (2 sister chromatids) 0000 * Centriole Spindle fibers Nuclear membrane Telophase 1. Refer to Model 1. List the four phases in the mitosis process. 2. Where is mitosis in the cell cycle? Before 3. What three phases of the cell cycle…
- Consider the proper progression of the cell cycle. In one of the first steps, the __ Select one: a. cell membrane breaks down as the micrtubulin filaments dissolve b. cell membrane breaks down as the intermediate filaments dissolve c. nuclear membrane breaks down as the actin filaments dissolve d. cell membrane breaks down as the actin filaments dissolve e. nuclear membrane breaks down as the intermediate filaments dissolveMatch each term with its best description. ___ cell plate a. lump of abnormal cells ___ spindle b. made of microfilaments ___ tumor c. divides plant cells ___ cleavage furrow d. spindle originates here ___ contractile ring e. dangerous metastatic cells ___ cancer f. made of microtubules ___ centrosomes g. indentation ___ telomere h. shortens with age1. Which organelles is the main calcium store for signaling? Lyosome; ER; Golgi; secretary vesicles 2. A temperature sensitive mutant yeast strains/stops dividing when shifted from. 25 degrees Celsius to 37 degrees Celsius. These cells are analyzed at different temperatures by a machine that measures the amount of DNA they contain. What would explain the behavior of the mutant? Anaphase promoting complex is inactivatend; s cdk is inactivated; m cdk is inactivate; m cycling is overexposed 3.which of the following statements about proto oncogenes is true? Proto oncogenes inhibit cell growth and division; cancer cells often contain loss of function mutations in proto oncogenes; proto oncogenes are needed for cells in normal tissues; none 4. Which of the following statements about tumor suppressor genes is true? Gene amplification of a tumor suppressor gene is more dangerous than gene amplification of a proto oncogenes; tumor suppressor genes are more highly expressed in cancer cells…
- What occurs during the stage of mitosis that is shown in the diagram above Select all that apply OSster chromatids are separated by the spinde fibers OOvomosomes de-condense OCentrioles move to opposite poles OSpinde fbers disappear OChromosomes condere ONuclear emvelope reforms O Nuclear emvelope disappearsThe pointer is pointing to a cell in which stage of mitosis? 25 um O Telophase O Metaphase O Prometaphase O Prophase O AnaphaseThe diagram below shows a model for the normal regulation of the transition to anaphase during mitosis. 1. Signals are released by unattached kinetochores that cause MAD to bind CDC20. MAD CDC20 6. Chromatids separate as mitosis procoeds to anaphase. COHESIN 3. The APCCDC20 CDC20 complex ubiquinates Securin. APC 2. When all kinetochores are attached, MAD releases CDC20 which then combines with APC UBIQUITIN SEPARASE . Separase destroys Cohesin APC SEPARASE SECURIN 4. Securin is destroyed, releasing Separase Your analyses of cancer cells that do not regulate this transition normally indicate that: MAD is binding to CDC20; • Ubiquitin is not attached to securin; • Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell. Which of the following explanations could account for all of your observations? a. The cell has an alteration in MAD that prevents it from releasing CDC20 when the 'unattached kinetochore' signal stops. O b. More than one of the other answer choices are correct.…