The combustion of ammonia in the presence of excess oxygen yields NO2 and H20:4 NH3 (g) + 7 02 (g) → 4 NO2 (g)+ 6 H2O (g)The combustion of 174 g of ammonia consumesg of oxygen.Atomic weights: N=14.01, H=1.01, O=15.99. Input values only with 2 decimal places.

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Introductory Chemistry: A Foundation

8th Edition

ISBN:9781285199030

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter9: Chemical Quantities

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 20CR

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The present average concentration (mass percent) of magnesium ions in seawater is 0.13%. A chemistry textbook estimates that if 1.00 × 108 tons Mg were taken out of the sea each year, it would take one million years for the Mg concentration to drop to 0.12%. Do sufficient calculations to either verify or refute this statement. Assume that Earth is a sphere with a diameter of 8000 mi, 67% of which is covered by oceans to a depth of 1 mi, and that no Mg is washed back into the oceans at any time.
The carbon dioxide exhaled in the breath of astronauts is often removed from the spacecraft by reaction with lithium hydroxide 2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)Li2CO3(s)+H2O(l) Estimate the grams of lithium hydroxide required per astronaut per day. Assume that each astronaut requires 2.50 103 kcal of energy per day. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 2.50 103 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of CO2 produced and hence the amount of LiOH required. The H for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.
4.69 The pictures below show a molecular-scale view of a chemical reaction between H2 and CO to produce methanol, CH3OH. The box on the left represents the reactants at the instant of mixing, and the box on the right shows what is left once the reaction has gone to completion. Was there a limiting reactant in this reaction? If so, what was it? Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. As usual, your equation should use the smallest possible whole number coefficients for all substances.
3.83 For the reaction of nitrogen, N2, and hydrogen, H2, to form ammonia, NH3, a student is attempting to draw a particulate diagram, as shown below. Did the student draw a correct representation of the reaction? If not, what was the error the student made?
Ethanol, C2H5OH, is a gasoline additive that can be produced by fermentation of glucose. C6H12O62C2H5OH+2CO2 (a) Calculate the mass (g) of ethanol produced by the fermentation of 1.000 lb glucose. (b) Gasohol is a mixture of 10.00 mL ethanol per 90.00 mL gasoline. Calculate the mass (in g) of glucose required to produce the ethanol in 1.00 gal gasohol. Density of ethanol = 0.785 g/mL. (c) By 2022, the U. S. Energy Independence and Security Act calls for annual production of 3.6 1010 gal of ethanol, no more than 40% of it produced by fermentation of corn. Fermentation of 1 ton (2.2 103 lb) of corn yields approximately 106 gal of ethanol. The average corn yield in the United States is about 2.1 105 lb per 1.0 105 m2. Calculate the acreage (in m2) required to raise corn solely for ethanol production in 2022 in the United States.
4-102 Aspartame, an artificial sweetener used as a sugar substitute in some foods and beverages, has the molecular formula C14H18N2O5. (a) How many mg of aspartame are present in 3.72 × 1026 molecules of aspartame? (b) Imagine you obtain 25.0 mL of aspartame, which is known to have a density of 1.35 g/mL. How many molecules of aspartame are present in this volume? (c) How many hydrogen atoms are present in 1.00 mg of aspartame? (d) Complete the skeletal structure of aspartame, where all the bonded atoms are shown but double bonds, triple bonds, and/or lone pairs are missing. (e) Identify the various types of geometries present in each central atom of aspartame using VSEPR theory. (f) Determine the various relative bond angles associated with each central atom of aspartame using VSEPR theory. (g) What is the most polar bond in aspartame? (h) Would you predict aspartame to be polar or nonpolar? (i) Is aspartame expected to possess resonance? Explain why or why not. (j) Consider the combustion of aspartame, which results in formation of NO2(g) as well as other expected products. Write a balanced chemical equation for this reaction. (k) Calculate the weight of C02(g) that can be prepared from 1.62 g of aspartame mixed with 2.11 g of oxygen gas.
89 A number of compounds containing the heavier noble gases, and especially xenon, have been prepared. One of these is xenon hexafluoride (XeF6), which can be prepared by heating a mixture of xenon and fluoride gases. XeF6 is a white crystalline solid at room temperature and melts at about 325 K. A mixture of 0.0600 g of Xe and 0.0304 g of F2 is sealed into a 100.0-mL bulb. (The bulb is heated, and the reaction goes to completion. Then the sealed bulb is cooled back to 20.0°C. What will be the final pressure in the bulb, expressed in torr?
What is the mass of fish, in kilograms, that one would have to consume to obtain a fatal dose of mercury, if the fish contains 30 parts per million of mercury by weight? (Assume that all the mercury from the fish ends up as mercury (II) chloride in the body and that a fatal dose is 0.20 g of HgCl2.) How many pounds of fish is this?
3.68 Magnesium is lighter than other structural metals, so it is increasingly important in the design of more efficient vehicles. Mg2+ ions are present in seawater, and the metal is often prepared by "harvesting" these ions and converting them to Mg metal. The average magnesium content of the oceans is about 1270 g Mg2+ per ton of seawater, and the density of seawater is about 1.03 g/mL. What is the molarity of Mg2+ ions in seawater? The design for a concept car calls for 103 kg of magnesium per vehicle. How many gallons of seawater would be required to supply enough magnesium to build one of these ears?
Two general chemistry students working together in the lab weigh out 0.832 g of CaCl2 2 H2O into a crucible. After heating the sample for a short time and allowing the crucible to cool, the students determine that the sample has a mass of 0.739 g. They then do a quick calculation. On the basis of this calculation, what should they do next? (a) Congratulate themselves on a job well done. (b) Assume the bottle of CaCl2 2 H2O was mislabeled; it actually contained something different. (c) Heat the crucible again, and then reweigh it.
When washing soda, Na2CO3, reacts with sulfuric acid, H2SO4, the equation is Na2CO3(aq) + H2SO4(aq) CO2(g) + H2O() + Na2SO4(aq) (a) Describe in words the meaning of this chemical equation. (b) Verify that the equation conforms to the law of conservation of matter.
A power plant is driven by the combustion of a complex fossil fuel having the formula C11H7S. Assume the air supply is composed of only N2 and O2 with a molar ratio of 3.76:1.00, and the N2 remains unreacted. In addition to the water produced, the fuels C is completely combusted to CO2 and its sulfur content is converted to SO2. In order to evaluate gases emitted at the exhaust stacks for environmental regulation purposes, the nitrogen supplied with the air must also be included in the balanced reactions. a Including the N2 supplied m the air, write a balanced combustion equation for the complex fuel assuming 100% stoichiometric combustion (i.e., when there is no excess oxygen in the products and the only C-containing product is CO2). Except in the case of N2, use only integer coefficients. b Including N2 supplied in the air, write a balanced combustion equation for the complex fuel assuming 120% stoichiometric combustion (i.e., when excess oxygen is present in the products and the only C-containing product is CO2). Except in the case of use only integer coefficients c Calculate the minimum mass (in kg) of air required to completely combust 1700 kg of C11H7S. d Calculate the air/fuel mass ratio, assuming 100% stoichiometric combustion. e Calculate the air/fuel mass ratio, assuming 120% stoichiometric combustion.

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The combustion of ammonia in the presence of excess oxygen yields NO2 and H20: 4 NH3 (g) + 7 02 (g) → 4 NO2 (g) + 6 H2O (g) The combustion of 174 g of ammonia consumes g of oxygen. Atomic weights: N=14.01, H=1.01, O=15.99. Input values only with 2 decimal places.