The activity of cyclin dependent kinases is regulated by: A Their concentration inside the cell B с E Their concentration outside the cell Changes in the concentration of cyclins The G1, G2 and M checkpoints The start and end of mitosis
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- Which of the following would inhibit the ability of a cyclin-Cdk complex from phosphorylation target proteins? phosphorylation by Wee1 phosphorylation by CAK Cdk inhibitor protein binding A & C all of the aboveB. Cyclin-dependent Kinase 1. What are the proteins that determine the forward momentum of the cell cycle? 2. What essential nutrient (aside from protein) is needed so that the cycle may grow or develop? 3. What do you infer, in what conditions will the cell may advance the cell cycle? Explain briefly. CDK Activity G₁ G₁ Checkpoint The cyclin-CDK system checks for favorable environmental conditions and damaged DNA. DNA Replication Checkpoint The cyclin-CDK system checks for stalled replication machinery and damaged DNA. Time G₂ G₂ Checkpoint The cyclin-CDK system checks for unreplicated or damaged DNA. Metaphase Checkpoint The cyclin-CDK system checks that all chromo- somes are attached to spindle microtubules.Which of the following statements about the M cyclin:CDK are FALSE: It promotes nuclear envelope assembly at the end of M phase It phosphorylates the APC/C to activate it It phosphorylates microtubule binding proteins to promote spindle formation Its activity is regulated by phosphorylation
- You are studying three proteins that you think are important Yor progression through the cell cycle. You know that one of them is a phosphatase (P1) and the other two are kinases ( K1 and K2). You add these enzymes in different combinations as shown below, and find that they have different effects on the activity of a cyclin dependent kinase, cdk2p. cdk2p Inactive Active cdk2p + K1 cdk2p + K2 Inactive cdk2p + K1 + K2 Inactive cdk2p + P1 cdk2p + P1 + K2 cdk2p + P1 + K1 Inactive Inactive Active cdk2p + P1 + K1 + K2 ActiveThe cell cycle is regulated by O Internal signals External signals Internal and external signals O ApoptosisIn the mitotic spindle, astral microtubules function to: connect the spindle poles attach chromosomes to the spindle carry out cytokinesis anchor the spindle poles to the plasma membrane
- Which of the following statements about cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) is true? CDKs are produced in the cell only in the presence of specific cyclins CDKs are always present in the cell and are always active CDKs are always present in the cell, but are only active in the presence of a specific cyclinCytokinesis is part of telophase I telophase Il mitotic phase interphase mitosis s-phaseFigure 28.11 depicts the eukaryotic cell cycle. Many cell types “exit� the cell cycle and don’t divide for prolonged periods, a state termedG0; some, for example neurons, never divide again. a. In what stage of the cell cycle do you suppose a cell might be when it exits the cell cycle and enters G0? b. The cell cycle is controlled by checkpoints, cyclins, and CDKs. Describe how biochemical events involving cyclins and CDKs might control passage of a dividing cell through the cell cycle.
- What is necessary for a cell to pass the G2 checkpoint? a. cell has reached a sufficient size b. an adequate stockpile of nucleotides c. accurate and complete DNA replication d. proper attachment of mitotic spindle fibers to kinetochoresWhich of the following statements regarding cyclin B is FALSE? Group of answer choices It is a component of the mitosis or maturation promoting factor (MPF) Its production and activation is linked to extracellular stimuli It interacts and activates CDK1 protein kinase Its destruction by APC/C signals the end of mitosis All of the above are trueWhich statement is likely true given the infomation in the diagram? Net1 Cdc20 APC АРС Cdc5/Polo Cdc14 -- Cdc20 APC АРС Hct1 Hct1 Lag Mad2 Cdc20 Hct1 Cdc14 APC APC Incomplete spindle Sict Sic1 В Cdk1-cyclin Anaphase inhibitors Mitotic cyclins S/G2 Metaphase Anaphase Spindle disassembly Cytokinesis DNA re-replication O Cdc5/Polo is a phosphatase. O An overactive, gain of function mutation in Mad2 would cause metaphase arrest. O A overactive, gain of function mutation in Cdc14 would cause prolonged metaphase or metaphase arrest. O The outcome of Cdh1/Hct1 activity is a rapid rise in MPF/M-CdkC activity. H-1