The activity below illustrates the effect of which of the following? Choose from the following: (A) concentration osmotic gradient effect without ADH or aldosterone (B) concentration osmotic gradient effect with aldosterone (C) concentration osmotic gradient effect with anti-diuretic hormone

Q: How would you calculate the filtered load and excretion rate of glucose?

A: Filtered load:- The amount of solute transported across the glomerular membrane per unit time.…

Q: Aldosterone exerts its effect on the kidneys by increasing its target cells. intracellular cyclic…

A: Distal nephron tubule is the major target of aldosterone stimulating exchange of ions, hence…

Q: a) Calculate the filtration pressure from the figures given i.e. the net force moving fluid out of…

A: Nephron is structural and functional unit of kidney.

Q: Briefly explain how cAMP increase permeability to water in the epthelial cell of renal tubules?

A: The cAMP is a second messenger. They are intracellular signalling molecules that are released by the…

Q:

A: Extracellular fluid is the internal environment of all multicellular animals and in those with a…

Q: our patient has a condition called hyporenin hypoaldosterone, which results in low levels of…

A: A low concentration of sodium in the blood causes hyponatremia. It is more frequently found in…

Q: Renal tubule cells acidify the urine and parietal cells acidify the stomach contents. In each case…

A: Enzymes are biocatalyst that catalyzes reactions of the body. These are the most important part of…

Q: Compare and Contrast the Nernst’s equation to GHK equation.

A: The electrical potential difference across the cell membrane which exactly balances the…

Q: The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be inhibited in orderto reduce high blood pressure.…

A: Angiotensin is the peptide hormone that results in increase in the blood pressure. It includes in…

Q: Briefly describe water potential. What are the factors affecting it?

A: Water potential is a measure of the potential energy in water as well as the difference between the…

Q: Atrial Natriuretic Peptide helps to reduce overall blood pressure in a variety of ways.  One way is…

A: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a natural peptide hormone…

Q: 1.A:Identify the three major chemical buffers of the body B : Choose one and describe the operation…

A: Hi! Thank you for the question, as per the honor code, we are allowed to answer the first…

Q: Diagram/flow chart the reactions and interactions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway. What…

A: The renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is a critical regulator of the blood and systemic vascular…

Q: What physiological effect do drugs that inhibit ACE have? A. They stimulate formation of…

A: A particular system present in human body that  helps in maintaining homeostatic condition of Na+…

Q: Which of the following classes of drugs would NOT be expected to reduce blood pressure?…

A: Blood is a fluid that runs throughout the body that helps to transport nutrients and oxygen to the…

Q: The Na+-glucose transporters SGLT2 and SGLT1 are located at different levels of the kidney proximal…

A: Introduction :- Kidney is the main organ of excretion and osmoregulation in vertebrates through…

Q: Many, but not all, marine fishes are simultaneously both osmoregulators and ionoregulators. Say that…

A: Osmoregulators are the organisms with an advanced osmotic tolerance, which can survive in a wide…

Q: Your patient weights 160 lbs. Her hematocrit is 43%. Calculate her blood volume in L

A: “Since you have asked multiple question, we will solve the first question for you. If you want any…

Q: select all that apply Which of these experimental designs could help determine if the change in…

A: On the basis of the ways of maintaining the osmotic balance, animals can be divided into two…

Q: Beyond stimulating aldosterone secretion, list the effects of ANG II. Give examples and brief…

A: The RAAS (renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system) is operated by JGA (juxtaglomerular apparatus). The…

Q: 49. Downstream of a constriction point, blood pressure will decrease because of…

A: 49. Downstream of a constriction point, blood pressure will decrease because of decreased______ in…

Q: Maintenance of fluid balance is important for the survival of humans. How does antidiuretic hormone…

A: Fluid balance is the necessary aspect of homeostasis in our bodies as the amount of water in the…

Q: Why did sodium levels, in the blood, drop to 126 mEq/L? Explain in detail why the sodium levels are…

A: Hyponatremia is the low level of sodium in the blood. It may cause headache, fatigue and confusion.

Q: Consider the effect of a twofold increase in the ECF concentration of Na+ or K+ ions. Which increase…

A: In the body; intracellular fluid has higher potassium ion concenteration than the extracellular…

Q: IBD1, if 20 mg of a drug is ultimately excreted unchanged into urine, the amount of the drug…

A: Given:  Amount of drug = 20 mg Excreted unchanged into urine means that the drug has not undergone…

Q: How can measuring the activity of the acid phosphatase of the prostrate gland in human blood serum…

A: The acidic phosphatase is an enzyme that carries out the hydrolysis of orthophosphoric acid esters.…

Q: Describe in general terms the mechanism by which abscisic acidhelps minimize water loss.

A:

Q: Determine if an under-regulated (a hyper- condition) or an over-regulated (a hypo- condition) is the…

A: Sodium is an element having the symbol Na and atomic number 11.In human body,sodium is very vital…

Q: (a) What small molecule does tubocurarine (Figure Q5a, below) mimic? но OCH3 H3C CH3 ÓCH3 H CH3…

A: Ans. 5(a)tubocurarine acts as a nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent and is used to secure…

Q: a) present a chart of water and salt balance regulation, indicate the main stimuli of system…

A: Renal artery stenosis is more likely if:•  Hypertension is severe, or of recent onset, or difficult…

Q: presence of either protein or glucose in a urinalysis is abnormal, but these two molecules end up in…

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Q: In the labster simulation, the drug that inhibited the Na-Cl-K transporter used the same mechanism…

A: Diuretics (water pill) is defined as a type of drug that play a major role in expelling large amount…

Q: During severe exertion in a hot environment, a person can lose up to 3 L of sweat per hour. What…

A: Water is essential to life. It constitutes the medium in which chemical reactions occur and is…

Q: Some patients with hypertension are kept on a low-salt (low-sodium)diet. Propose an explanation for…

A: Hypertension is a prolonged medical condition characterized by abnormally increased blood pressure,…

Q: Loop diuretics promote diuresis by - decreasing the osmolarity of the renal medulla inhibiting an…

A: Medicines that enhance flow of urine are known as diuretics (cause diuresis). Loop diuretics…

Q: Outline the sources of input and output in a daily salt balance and add H2O balance in a typical…

A: It is very necessary to maintain the water and salt balance inside the body. Our body is made up of…

Q: Discuss the Contribution of Different Ion Permeabilities?

A: Introduction  Our body contains different types of ions such as Sodium, Potassium, Calcium,…

Q: Explain why vertebrate animals show allometric relationships with both metabolic rate and…

A: Three factors can account for the vast range of metabolic rate variation among species: body mass,…

Q: caffeine is also diuretic, which means it increases the movement of water through the kidneys into…

A: Nutritional supplementation is a common practice amongst athletes, with the most widely used…

Q: hypovolemia or to an increase in the osmolality of the blood. Provide three possible mechanisms by…

A: Renin production and integration are synchronized, yet regulated on a different time scale. Renin…

Q: What do you mean by pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic drug development of diuretic drugs

A: BASIC INFORMATION DRUGS  These are basically the drugs which are used for prevention, treatment etc.…

Q: Which of the following would NOT occur with increased plasma potassium during intense exercise?…

A: Action potential refers to the transitory change and propagation in the resting potential of the…

Q: Beyond stimulating aldosterone secretion, list the effects of ANG II.

A: Hi! As you have posted multiple questions, I will be answering the first question for you. If you…

Q: 300 mg/di was revealed. Why was this accompanied by considerable increasing ammonia salts excretion…

A: Diabetes mellitus is of three types: type I, II, and gestational diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is when…

Q: protonephridia, metanephridia, and kidneys. Which of the 6 functions of a vertebrate kidney are…

A:

Q: In a canine expt, a dog’s filtered load of sodium (Na+) in an isolated pump-perfused kidney is found…

A: A normal man's kidneys filter roughly 24,000 meq sodium per day, reabsorb about 23,900, and can vary…

Q: Given the following water transfer rates (in g H20 per 100 calories), what would be the water…

A: The water balance of a body is the amount of water maintained in the body systems of an organism…