Suppose that you wished to determine the number of pseudogenes related to a particular gene in an organism whose complete genome had not yet been sequenced. How might you do this experimentally?
Q: how can we do Gene mapping using deletion chromosomes.
A: Deletion mapping is a process that allows geneticists to determine the location of a deleted region…
Q: Why are fruit flies considered a model genetic organism? Would humans fit this description?
A: Genetics is the branch of biology, which deals with the study of genes, their pattern of…
Q: What is positional cloning?
A: Gene cloning is the process in which any gene of interest is amplified, that is, several copies of…
Q: explain the statement Duplications Provide Extra Gene CopiesThat Can Acquire New Functions
A: Genes are the basic biological unit of heredity. They are a segment of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)…
Q: Which are the principle that appears to have been built into the genome structure of all…
A: The complete set of the gene of a particular organism is called its genome. It is a combination of…
Q: Why is gene duplication important?
A: The hereditary units which are transmitted from one generation to next generation are called genes.
Q: Why is the term “crossing-over” appropriate for the exchange of DNA segments between homologous…
A: Crossing over can be defined as the exchange of genetic material that occurs between the non-sister…
Q: With respect to genetics, how is Y chromosome DNA different than nuclear DNA?
A: DNA is a genetic material which exists in coiled form and carries genetic information and passes it…
Q: Referring to Figure 17-19, draw a diagram showing the process whereby an inversion formed from…
A: An inversion is a type of chromosomal rearrangement in which a chromosomal segment is reversed end…
Q: How Does Yeast transformation experiments were used to identify the functional chromosomal elements…
A: The genetic cell alteration that results from exogenous genetic material direct uptake or…
Q: What genetic process is occurring in a puff of a polytene chromosome? How do we know this…
A: Puffs in polytene chromosomes are the Balbiani rings.
Q: Compare and contrast the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes. How are they similar, how are they…
A: A genome is an organism's complete set of genetic instruction. Each genome contains all the…
Q: What is a Paralog and How do you identify a paralogous gene?
A: A gene is a unique sequence of nucleotides which forms a part of a chromosome, which determines the…
Q: What is the function of a pseudogene? Why do pseudogenes exist?
A: A gene is a term that refers to the specific sequence of nucleotides in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)…
Q: Describe two forms of genetic recombination. What functions do they fulfill?
A: Introduction: The adjustment of DNA arrangements by the breakage and rejoining of chromosomes or…
Q: Do a few cells created by therapeutic cloning of your own somatic cells constitute life? If these…
A: Somatic cells are those cell which forms the whole body of an organisms, also known as the vegetal…
Q: What is the most convenient way of understanding a testcross problem in genetics?
A: In genetics, test cross is the breeding of an individual with a phenotypically recessive individual,…
Q: Supergenes” are groups of genes located together inside chromosomal inversion. Supergenes…
A: Chromosomal inversion is a type of polymorphism that is common in animals, plants and humans.…
Q: What is using somatic nuclei of transgenic adults to generate other animals with identical genomes?
A: Genomics refers to structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes. Somatic cells…
Q: How can you determine whether a phenotype such as reduced eyes in fruit flies is due to a recessive…
A: Phenocopy is the variation in the phenotype that is due to environmental conditions like the…
Q: A diploid plant cell contains 2 billion base pairs of DNA. a. How many nucleosomes are present in…
A: The nucleosome is the fundamental structural unit of the DNA. In each nucleosome, DNA and histone…
Q: Explain why unequal crossing over always produced a duplication and deletion at the same time, not…
A: Crossing over occurs in the first division of meiosis at this stage each chromosome has replicated…
Q: When doing a lab that involves Extraction of Genomic DNA from adult Drosophila melanogaster. - What…
A: The following controls should be used during the extraction of genomic DNA of Drosophila…
Q: Why are jumping genes important?
A: Jumping genes are also known as transposable elements or transposons. They are the DNA sequences…
Q: When doing a lab that involves Extraction of Genomic DNA from adult Drosophila melanogaster. - What…
A: Drosophila melanogaster, known colloquially as the fruit fly, remains one of the most commonly used…
Q: how can genomes with a relatively small number of genes produce the vast complexity of phenotypes…
A: The human nuclear genome is simple but a complicated structure. The genome incorporates 3.2 billion…
Q: Assume that it is possible to have a geneteiclly engineered medicine for covid. What will be its…
A: Often genetically engineered organisms are used to produce certain drugs for human and animal use.…
Q: Why is knowing the genetic basis of a trait such as blond hair important? Why would scientists go to…
A: Genetics is the study of genes, their interactions, and the effect of environment on genes. Broadly…
Q: Could you please explain RecA's role in homologous recombination?
A: Inheritance is the passing of characters from one generation to another. Homologous recombination is…
Q: Why would a researcher be interested in over- or misexpression phenotypes?
A: Examples of phenotypes include height, wing length, and hair color. Gene expression is the most…
Q: Explain why can a clone can be produced from a single body cell adult?
A: Clones are organisms shaped by the asexual technique of replica. it's the assembly of a replacement…
Q: how geneticists can exploit the existence of rearrangements as tools in genetics research?
A: Chromosomal rearrangement is most of the studied phenomenon in the field of genetics. This process…
Q: what is Homologous Recombination at the DNA Level
A: Recombinations is a large scale rearrangement of a DNA molecule that involves the breakage and…
Q: How is genome duplication harmful?
A: The process, which leads to additional copies of the entire genome due to non dis-junction during…
Q: suppose a male human entered the Progenation Machine. Would it be possible for the machine to…
A: This question is quite normal when someone involves deeply in a TV series. I also asked myself when…
Q: . In yeast, you have sequenced a piece of wild-type DNAand it clearly contains a gene, but you do…
A: Introduction In the RDT (recombinant DNA technology), we insert the segment of DNA into the vector…
Q: Compare and contrast conjugation, transduction, and transformation. Which processes, if any, involve…
A: Bacterial gene transfer is a one-way process where the DNA is transferred from donor bacterium to a…
Q: In an in situ hybridization experiment, a certain clonebound to only the X chromosome in a boy with…
A: In situ hybridization is a sort of hybridization in which a labelled complementary DNA, RNA, or…
Q: What are the types of transposons? Please explain in detail how transposons contribute to genome…
A: Some mobile genomic components have been named as mobile genetic elements or transposable elements…
Q: In contrast with the genomic manipulations of animals and plants described in this chapter, human…
A: Genetics is a branch of science that deals in the study of genes, heredity, and genetic variation of…
Q: What is inverse PCR? How are we going to use inverse PCR to help figure out the molecular location…
A: The gene is a basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made up of DNA. Some genes…
Q: What is multiple cloning site ?
A: Introduction Molecular cloning is a set of molecular biology experimental methods for assembling…
Q: How would you know exactly where in the genome this locus Is found?
A: Genome is the genetic material of an organism, which consists of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). It…
Q: Are the epsilon (ε) and beta (β) genes on chromosome 11 orthologs or paralogs? Explain your answer.
A: Chromosomes are long thread-like structures that carry coded genetic information in the form of DNA.…
Q: What would you predict to be the phenotype of a Drosophila larva whose mother was homozygous for a…
A: Drosophila melanogaster is a common fruit fly. It is most common subject used in majority of genetic…
Q: What is a homolog? With regard to genes and alleles, how arehomologs similar to and different from…
A: Genes are the units of heredity that are transmitted through generations. Genes contain the genetic…
Q: Why The Arrangement of Genesin the Genome Is Not Uniform?
A: Introduction There are around 25000 genes present in the human genome which have around 3 billion…
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- researchers have been able to clonemammals by fusing a cell having a diploid nucleus (i.e., a somaticcell) with an egg that has had its nucleus removed.A. With regard to maternal effect genes, would the phenotype ofsuch a cloned animal be determined by the animal that donatedthe egg or by the animal that donated the somatic cell? Explain.B. Would the cloned animal inherit extranuclear traits from theanimal that donated the egg or from the animal that donated thesomatic cell? Explain.C. In what ways would you expect this cloned animal to be similarto or different from the animal that donated the somatic cell? Isit fair to call such an animal a clone of the animal that donatedthe diploid nucleus?In yeast, you have sequenced a piece of wild-type DNA and it clearly contains a gene, but you do not know what gene it is. Therefore, to investigate further, you would like to find out its mutant phenotype. How would you use the cloned wild-type gene to do so? Show your experimental steps clearlyIn an electrophoretic gel across which is applied a powerful electrical alternating pulsed field, the DNA of the haploid fungus Neurospora crassa (n = 7) moves slowly but eventually forms seven bands, which represent DNA fractions that are of different sizes and hence have moved at different speeds. These bands are presumed to be the seven chromosomes. How would you show which band corresponds to which chromosome?
- As a molecular biologist and horticulturist specializing in snapdragons, you have decided that you need tomake a genomic library to characterize the flowercolor genes of snapdragons.a. How many genomic equivalents would you like tohave represented in your library to be 95% confident of having a clone containing each gene inyour library?b. How do you determine the number of independentclones that should be screened to guarantee thisnumber of genomic equivalents?In a genomic comparison between humans and yeast, what geneswould you expect to be similar?When the cloned cat Carbon Copy (CC) was born , she had black patches and white patches, but completely lacked any orange patches. The knowledgeablestudents of genetics were not surprised at this outcome.Starting with the somatic ovarian cell used as the sourceof the nucleus in the cloning process, explain how this outcomeoccurred.
- . The position of the gene for the protein actin in the haploid fungus Neurospora is known from the complete genome sequence. If you had a slow-growing mutant thatyou suspected of being an actin mutant and you wantedto verify that it was one, would you (a) clone the mutantby using convenient restriction sites flanking the actingene and then sequence it or (b) amplify the mutantgene by using PCR and then sequence it?Do all of them True/False 31) The process by which an electrical charge is used to introduce DNA into a cell to produce a transgenic organism is called electroporation.Answer: 32) Reproductive cloning is used to produce large amounts of mammalian proteins from transgenic agricultural animals such as cattle.Answer: 33) In gene addition, homologous recombination is used to remove the original gene and replace it with the cloned gene.Answer: 34) All stem cells have the potential to differentiateAnswer: 35) A bone marrow transplant involves the transfer of multipotent stem cellsAnswer: 36) The fact that in mammalian systems multiple genes may compensate for the loss of a gene is called gene redundancy.Answer:You have a strain of Neurospora that is unable to synthesize histidine and thus requires H in the media in order to grow. You have isolated one revertant colony. Predict the expected proportion of the progeny that would be h+ if you cross the colony with the original mutant colony and the reversion occurred by each of the following mechanisms: Precise change of the mutated base back to its original base. A suppressor gene is mutated on a different chromosome A suppressor gene is mutated on the same chromosome but 10mu distant from the mutated gene. The mutant colony is crossed to a wild-type Neurospora colony and the following data are collected. 95% of all asci scored are h+ but 5% are h-. Which mechanism in part a is consistent with these data? Explain why and what has happened on a molecular level.
- Imagine that you need to run an experiment that requires you to alter the current genetic make of your organism. You have two options: using nitrite or acridine orange. Which one would you choose considering the effectiveness of the treatment and why? State in no more than 3 sentences.Suppose that you could inject a wild-type mouse zygote with a specific CRISPR RNA and the Cas9 enzyme. The RNA directs the Cas9 enzyme to make adouble-strand break within a gene that you think maybe responsible for a heritable disease. Diagram inrough form how you might inject at the same time another nucleic acid molecule (here, a double-strandedDNA) to exploit homologous recombination so thatyou could convert the wild-type allele of the gene to aspecific mutant allele.Describe how you would use replica plating of mutagenized, haploid yeast cells to identify temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in essential genes needed for yeast growth and survival.