Suppose species 1, 2, and 3 are endemic to a group of islands (such as the Galápagos) and are all descended from species 4 on the mainland (which will serve as an outgroup; its large population size means that no new mutations have become fixed in its population in the time since the islands were colonized). You sequence a gene and find ten nucleotide sites that differ among the four species (among many other loci that do not vary). The nucleotide bases at these sites are: Species 1: GCTGATGAGT Species 2: ATCAATGAGT Species 3: GTTGCAACGT Species 4: GTCAATGACA Estimate the phylogeny of these taxa by plotting the changes on each of the three possible unrooted trees and determining which tree requires the fewest evolutionary changes.

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
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Suppose species 1, 2, and 3 are endemic to a group of islands (such as the Galápagos) and are all descended from species 4 on the mainland (which will serve as an outgroup; its large population size means that no new mutations have become fixed in its population in the time since the islands were colonized). You sequence a gene and find ten nucleotide sites that differ among the four species (among many other loci that do not vary). The nucleotide bases at these sites are: Species 1: GCTGATGAGT Species 2: ATCAATGAGT Species 3: GTTGCAACGT Species 4: GTCAATGACA Estimate the phylogeny of these taxa by plotting the changes on each of the three possible unrooted trees and determining which tree requires the fewest evolutionary changes.

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