Suggest TWO (2) commonly available biomass in Malaysia that can be utilized as potential feedstocks for fermentation and discuss the importance of feedstock pre-treatment. ⠀⠀
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- (b) Differentiate between biomass gasification and biomass liquefaction. (Any two points)1.1 Microbes in the soil could be beneficial to plants and one way to evaluate this is by determining the R/S ratio. Define the R/S ratio. 1.2 Both rhizospheric and root-free soils were collected from five (5) plants before (BT) and after (AT) treatment. Using the microbial biomass that appear in Table 1, the R/S ratios before (BT) and after (AT) can be determined. Use these values to determine the respective R/S ratios. Kindly show all workings. Microbial population Before Treatment (BT) Plants R/S Microbial population After Treatment (AT) R/S ratio ratio (BT) (AT) Rhizospheric Non- soil (CFU) Rhizospheric Non- rhizospheric soil (CFU) soil (CFU) rhizospheric soil (CFU) Typha sp. 764 168 988 186 Pistia sp. 286 86 386 112 Salvinia 397 132 528 166 sp. Lemna sp. 274 121 406 152 Eichhornia 443 140 648 196 sp.Discuss a selected local fermented food or drink in Ghana giving particular attention to the fermentation procedure (natural or controlled culture),desired products,byproducts and the key fermentative microbes involved.
- (b) (c) Explain the biological requirements for microalgal growth and the main system components for a microalgal processing plant to produce biofuel. How is the system design dependent on its geographical location? A continuous microalgal production system is being developed using a raceway design to produce biofuel from CO2 sequestration. Calculate the area of the raceway (m²) to sequester 2000 tons of CO₂ per year if the growth rate is 75mg/L-day and estimate the amount of biofuel that could be produced. Clearly state any assumptions that you make.Suggest THREE (3) steps that could be taken to reduce phosphorus inputs in water.2. (a) Consider Scheme 1 shown below and identify the INGREDIENTS, PROCESSES or PRODUCTION STEPS and/or fundamental conditions and requirements labelled as i – vi and A – B: SCHEME 1 Marsh Warming, Pressing, Clarification, Yeast Addition i ii & Fermentation White Wine A В Grapes Fining, Clarification, Stabilization & Filtration FINAL Bottled Sparkling White Wine for Consumer iii White Wine iv V vi
- The case study for UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY needs to be conducted to study about Two different types of microorganisms producing similar bio-based compound using similar substrates. Microorganisms selected: Saccharomyces cerevisiae vs Zymomonas mobilis Bio-based compund: Ethanol QUESTION: Please explain very clearly about the Medium formulation (1.what are the substrates?,2.pre-treatment of substrates, 3.addition of stimulant or etc., 4.advantages and disadvantages of the selected substrates).1. Construct a table comparing natural gas, coal, and oil according to (a) origin, (b) fuel value, (c) other uses, (d) chemical composition, (e) environmental effects, etc. 2. Make a report on biofuels currently being studied and used in the Philippines. 3.Make a presentation on the advantages and disadvantages of using biofuels as an alternative energy source in the Philippines.Consider the experimental data obtained from a discontinuous alcoholic fermentation reactor shown in the table on the side, where S is the glucose concentration in the culture broth and µx is the specific growth rate of the biomass.(a)Does this bioprocess follow Monod's model?(b) What is the maximum specific growth rate?(c) What value of glucose concentration gives a specific growth rate equal to 50% of the maximum?
- Illustrate the effect of temperatures 4, 15, and 25 °C on microbial spoilage of food. Assume that spoilage takes place when APC > 5.0 log CFU/g.Discuss at least three (03) anaerobic culturing techniques along with advantages and disadvantagesDiscuss how value addition by the production of products from processing wastes/byproducts addresses food security and poverty alleviation.