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71. Which of the following pertains to a POINT SOURCE epidemic curve?
I. Ongoing source of contamination
II. Relatively brief exposure period
III. Same incubation period
IV. Infection spreads from person to person
A. I, and II
B. II and III
C. II and IV
D. III and IV
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Solved in 2 steps
- 82. Which of the following may produce an epidemic curve characteristic of a propagated source outbreak?A. Gastroenteritis brought about by a virus horizontally transmitted via direct contactB. Gastroenteritis caused by a sewage system leaking into a town’s water supplyC. Gastroenteritis due to a contaminated batch of packaged food in grocery storesD. Gastroenteritis from a contaminated food item shared during a single meal83. Who among the following individuals may be considered a secondary case in an outbreak investigation?A. Ana has elevated blood pressure secondary to acute gastroenteritis after attending a party.B. Ian was infected by his roommate John, who was exposed to a patient zero while travelling.C. Mary got infected with her classmates when they attended a meeting in a compromised venue.D. Ted manifested symptoms of a communicable diseases when he got home from a trip abroad.80. Which of the following is characterized by a horizontal mechanism of transmission via direct contact?A. GastroenteritisB. Giardiasis C. TetanusD. Tuberculosis 81. Which of the following may produce an epidemic curve characteristic of a point source outbreak?A. Gastroenteritis brought about by a virus horizontally transmitted via direct contactB. Gastroenteritis caused by a sewage system leaking into a town’s water supplyC. Gastroenteritis due to a contaminated batch of packaged food in grocery storesD. Gastroenteritis from a contaminated food item shared during a single mealFor Items 52 to 56, match Column A with Column B. COLUMN A 52. Multi-causation disease53. Long latent period54. Chronic disease55. Transmissible/ infectious diseases56. Infestations COLOUMN B A. Communicable DiseaseB. Non-Communicable DiseaseC. Both Communicable and Non-CommunicableDiseases
- 69. An epidemic curve is constructed mainly by:I. Plotting the time on the x axisII. Plotting the time on the y axisIII. Plotting the number of new cases on the x axisIV. Plotting the number of new cases on the y axis A. I AND IV B. I, AND III C. II AND III D. II AND IV68. An epidemic curve is constructed to determine which of the following? I. Onset timesII. Last casesIII. Total number of people involvedIV. Incubation periodV. Duration of the epidemicVI. Casualties involved A. I, III, IV, V B. I, III, IV, V C. II, III, IV, VI D. III, IV, V, VI70. All of the following correctly describes a propagated or progressive source, EXCEPT:A. Disease continues to spread as long as the agent is presentB. Disease continues to spread as long as the vector is presentC. Down slope may be sharp if the common source is removedD. Infection easily spreads from person to person
- 90. Which of the following scenarios may be considered a true outbreak?A. Increased number of cases of nausea and vomiting among individuals spread across different townsB. Rise in reported cases of body aches and chills experienced by senior citizens during the cold seasonC. Sudden increase in cases of fever with bleeding in a certain area with no record of previous casesD. Two-fold rise in the number of people reporting muscle pains and cough in the general populationWhich of the following describes "incubation period"? a. It is the time interval between entry of an infectious agent into the body and the appearence of the first symptoms and/or signs of the disease b. It is the time after recovery when a person can still harbor the infection c. It is the time interval through which an infected person is able to transmit the infectious agent to others d. It is the time interval between the onset of primary and secondary cases1. Discuss the different mechanics of the transmission of the disease. 2. Discuss the different ways of community reaction to agents of the disease invasion. 3. Discuss the three characteristics of epidemics that may differentiate the different types of epidemics. 4. A disease outbreak can be detected by examining the different sources of data. Give and discuss the four sources of data. 5. Why should you conduct epidemiologic investigation of an outbreak? Give at least five reasons and discuss. 6. Explain the etiology of tuberculosis, measles and rabies by applying the etiologic triangle. 7. Discuss host responses to infectious agents. Be sure to include herd immunity as a community health concept. 8. What could be the reasons why inspite of high coverage of measles immunization, an outbreak still exist? 9. Discuss the importance of epidemiology to disease prevention and control.
- 99. Which of the following can be recommended as a follow-up procedure for further establishment of the sourceof agent?A. Epidemiological investigation of the “person”, “time”, and “place” dimensionssurrounding the outbreakB. Epidemiological investigation of the bargoers who consumed drinks but did not show any of the symptoms C. Laboratory investigation of the feces, urine, vomitus, and blood samples of the affected individualsD. Laboratory investigation of the ingredients and tools used in the preparation of the implicated drink75. Which of the following choices is NOT related to non-communicable diseases?A. Herbal therapy is a protective factorB. Lifestyle are significant factorsC. Mosquitoes are frequently the vectorsD. Usually affecting adult populationAll of the following are requirements for being a "carrier" of an infection, except: a. Active multiplication of the infectious agent in the body b. Absence of recognizable symptoms and signs of the infection c. Presence of the infectious agent in the body d. Ability to transmit the infection through excretions, discharges, and/or respiratory droplets
