Regarding chronic disease prevention, match each term with the phrase that best describes itMolecule produced by innate immune cellsthat is involved in maintaining chronicinflammationA protein produced by the liver that is afrequently used marker of chronicinflammationThe degree to which a certain food elevatesblood glucose after it's eatenA small molecule that can bind to histonesand DNA, frequently with the result of genesilencingAn enzyme that rebuilds the end caps ofchromosomes after each cell division, thusprolonging the life of the cell[Choose ][Choose]Interleukin-6TNF-alphaMethyl TagGlycemic LoadC Reactive ProteinGlycemic IndexTelomerase[Choose][Choose ][Choose ]

A chronic disease is a long-lasting medical condition that can be managed but typically not cured.…

Answered: Regarding chronic disease prevention,…

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter17: Genes And The Immune System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 11QP: It is often helpful to draw a complicated pathway in the form of a flow chart to visualize the...

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Similar questions

It is often helpful to draw a complicated pathway in the form of a flow chart to visualize the multiple steps and the ways in which the steps are connected to each other. Draw the antibody-mediated immune response pathway that acts in response to an invading virus.
Complement activation is a cascade reaction, with each component sequentiallyacting on others, in a similar way to the blood-clotting system. Discuss the effectsthat occur when peptides are generated from the activation by either the classicalor the alternative pathway. This is an immunology question
Although the complement cascade can be initiated by antibodies bound to the surface of a pathogen, complement activation is generally considered to be an innate immune response. This is because: Two of the three pathways for complement activation are initiated by constitutively produced recognition molecules that directly interact with microbial surfaces. When the complement cascade leads to the formation of a membrane-attack complex, the pathogen is killed. Several of the soluble products generated by complement activation lead promote the inflammatory response. Complement proteins bound to the pathogen promote uptake and destruction by phagocytic cells. The C3 convertase is only produced when complement activation is initiated by antibody binding to a pathogen.
Some Type-II immunopathology mediated autoimmune diseases have manifestations inmultiple different organs. Discuss how antibodies to one single antigen can cause damage inmultiple sites throughout the body. Things you might discuss include, but are not limited towhere the antigen could be expressed, how antibodies are made, how they bind antigen,where they circulate, the ratios of antigen to antibody, mechanisms of the immune systemthat result in cellular/tissue damage, or how immune system components can affect otherorgans. You might also comment on what makes one antigen an attractive target rather thananother. Please do NOT comment on all the things listed above, they are just to get youthinking. If you are having trouble getting started, it might help to think about a specificdisease which affects multiple organs.
You are studying growth factor GFA, which you know stimulates the proliferation of goblet cells in theintestine.Goblet cells are responsible for producing and secreting mucin, a mixture of glycosaminoglycans thatprotects the intestinal wall.Some patients suffering from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) appear to have fewer goblet cells, thereforeless mucin and less protection from toxins and various other pro-inflammatory factors.These patients also have mutations in the gene encoding the GFA receptor (GFAR) in goblet cells,GFAR is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that autophosphorylates in response to GFA binding, thusbecoming active.QUESTION:explain what changes in GFAR could be caused by these IBD-associatedmutations and why.
Gram negative cell walls contain lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a unique component. All of the following apply to LPS EXCEPT O LPS is composed of mycolic acids that protect the cell from phagocytosis LPS is a PAMP that can be recognized by toll-like receptors (TLRS) as a foreign molecule fo rphagocytosis O LPS can be a target for specific IgG for ADCC-opsonization LPS can be recognized by B cells in the aosence of MHC molecules All of the answers apply, no exception O LPS is found in the outer membrane of Gram negative cells
Describe some intracellular host macromolecules that may be bound by steroid molecules to prevent an allergic response.
The production of antimicrobial peptides is one of the most evolutionarily ancient mechanisms of defense for multicellular organisms, and most eukaryotic species make many different forms of these proteins. For instance, human paneth cells in the gastrointestinal epithelium make 21 different defensins. The reason for this diversity of antimicrobial peptides is: Epithelial cells make different forms than those made by neutrophils. Neutrophils make many different defensins and store them as inactive proteins in their secretory granules. Most of them are produced only in response to infection. The production of different peptides is induced following a bacterial infection versus a fungal infection. Each one has distinct activities against Gram-negative bacteria, Gram-positive bacteria, or fungi.
Why is it necessary for immature T lymphocytes toundergo a two-step selection process through whichantigen-reactive cells are first selected followed bythe elimination of cells that react strongly withself-antigens?
During inflammaion, host tissue may be damaged owing to the release of toxic oxygen derivatives produced by activated phagocytes. List some of hese toxic species and explain what cellular/biochemical mechanisms limit these damaging off-target effects.
Toll-like receptors represent an ancient pathogen-recognition system. The first pattern recognition receptor (PRR) important in innate immune responses was discovered in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Stimulation of this receptor, called Toll, induces: The synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes The inflammatory response in Drosophila hemolymph vessels The production of antimicrobial peptides The recruitment of phagocytic cells to the site of infection The activation of Drosophila complement
Macrophages perform the fi nal job of removing tissue debris and other products of infection. Indicate some of the possible effects when these scavengers cannot successfully complete the work of phagocytosis.

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