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- Neuroscience Question: Which of the following statements ACCURATELY describe spinal cord organization. α-motor neurons are organized from lateral to media such that those found towards the medial section of the spinal cord controls the distal muscles. Lumbar spinal cord enlargement is observed where neurons that innervate the legs and feet are located Neuronal cell bodies (somas) of neurons that innervate single muscles are only found in a single spinal cord segment. Muscles of the trunk are represented medially while muscles of arms and hands are represented laterally Group of answer choices 1, 2, 4 2, 3, 4 2, 4 4 only 1,2,3,4 Here is my reasoning: Please you be the judge if this is correct! α-motor neurons are organized from lateral to medial such that those found towards the medial section of the spinal cord control the distal muscles. This is inaccurate. α-motor neurons are organized from medial to lateral in the spinal cord, with those medially controlling axial…Movement: autonomic vs. somatic nervous system. What are the key differences?Motor Pathways Fill in the blanks with the terms provided. Not all terms will be used. anterior interneurons receptors posterior effectors descending lower upper skeletal muscle Motor pathways are least two motor neurons are present in the motor pathway: an upper motor neuron and a lower motor neuron. The cell body of an within the brain stem. Axons of these synapse either directly on pathways in the brain and spinal cord that control At motor neuron is housed either within the cerebral cortex or a nucleus motor neurons, or on . The cell body of a lower motor neuron is housed either within the spinal cord or within a brainstem cranial nerve nucleus. Axons of the lower motor neurons exit the CNS and horn of the project to to be innervated.
- You're relaxed, watching television. Dinner is served - all that turkey, stuffing, potatoes, gravy, pumpkin, and more. You sit down to the table and start to dig in. As you begin to overindulge, the smooth muscle of your stomach starts to contract (intrinsic innervation) which is not part of the CNS. Your extrinsic innervation also starts to kick in - which is a CNS response of the Autonomic Nervous System. As you continue to eat the warm, moist delicious turkey, every time you swallow the smooth muscle of the stomach and duodenum relax to prepare to receive the food. You're now on your 72nd swallow of food and feeling a tad bit full. What kind of innervation do you think is involved in your sensation of "full"?PARTICIPATION ACTIVITY: For each toxic effect below, use your knowledge of the phases of an action potential to determine which image most likely corresponds with that effects of that toxin. A “quiz-like" link will be posted on Canvas after lecture today for you to upload your responses. Due by 11:59 pm tonight via Canvas. No visible effect or the action potentia of a typical neuron A C Effect of the Toxin Toxin C A B Letter 30 30 10 10 Delayed closing of the voltage-gated sodium channels after opening -10 -10 -30 -30 -50 Toxin A -50 Prevents voltage-gated sodium Toxin B -70 -70 -90 channels from opening when stimulated -90 4 6. 8 10 10 Time (ms) Time (ms) Causes voltage-gated potassium channels to open even without a 30 30 voltage stimulus Prevents the voltage-gated calcium 10 10 -10 -10 -30 -30 Toxin C -50 Toxin D -50 channels from opening when stimulated -70 -70 -90 4 6. 10 4 6 8 10 Time (ms) Time (ms) Prevents the voltage-gated potassium channels from opening when stimulated Hint:…Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/motorpathway) to learn more about the descending motor pathway for the somatic nervous system. The autonomic connections are mentioned, which are covered in another chapter. From this brief video, only some of the descending motor pathway of the somatic nervous system is described. Which division of the pathway is described and which division is left out?
- Which of these locations is where the greatest level of integration is taking place in the example of testing the temperature of the shower? skeletal muscle spinal cord thalamus cerebral cortexWatch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/reflextest) to see how to test reflexes in the abdomen. Testing reflexes of the trunk is not commonly performed in the neurological exam, but if findings suggest a problem with the thoracic segments of the spinal cord, a series of superficial reflexes of the abdomen can localize function to those segments. If contraction is not observed when the skin lateral to the umbilicus (belly button) is stimulated, what level of the spinal cord may be damaged?Visit this site (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurolab) to see a virtual neurophysiology lab, and to observe electrophysiological processes in the nervous system, where scientists directly measure the electrical signals produced by neurons. Often, the action potentials occur so rapidly that watching a screen to see them occur is not helpful. A speaker is powered by the signals recorded from a neuron and it pops each time the neuron fires an action potential. These action potentials are firing so fast that it sounds like static on the radio. Electrophysiologists can recognize the patterns within that static to understand what is happening. Why is the leech model used for measuring the electrical activity of neurons instead of using humans?
- Nervous System I: Resting Membrane Potential 1. In a cell permeable only to K*, the resting membrane potential would be called the potential for K*, which is mV. 2. In an excitable cell, also permeable to Na" and CI, the electrochemical gradient for Na" causes it to move the cell. 3. Excitable cells, like neurons, are more permeable to than to a. What acts as a chemical force that pushes K" out of the cell? b. What force tends to pull K' back into the cell? 4. Because the neuron is permeable to Na" as well as K", the resting membrane potential is not equal to the equilibrium potential for K; instead, it is mV. 5. What compensates for the movement (leakage) of Na' and K" ions? 6. What will happen to the resting membrane potential of an excitable cell if: (Write pos or neg to indicate which way. the membrane potential would change.) a. t extracellular fluid concentration of K b. extracellular fluid concentration of K c. T extracellular fluid concentration of Na d. 4 number of passive Na"…Action potential +40 Threshold -55 Failed initiations Resting state -70 Stimulus T Refractory period 3. 4. Time (ms) Which of the following are true about the propagation of an action potential? O Action potential is triggered by the opening of voltage gated potassium channels Once threshold potential is reached, the neuron always depolarizes The refractory period prevents propagation back to the point of initiation of the action potential Once initiated, the action potential propagates in an all or nothing fashion Voltage (mV) Depolarization RepolarizationPart 1: a) Name the organ system associated with the reflex arc diagram shown below. b) Give the functions of this organ system. c) Label the diagram.