One example of innovation from an unexpected source came from the study of tumor-like plant growths caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. What information did the study of the plant tumors provide that was critical for plant genetic engineering? O learning that metastasis is critical for tumor progression Olearning how A. tumefaciens uses plant pathways to synthesize beta carotene Oknowledge of plant tumor suppressor genes and their role in tumor development Othe ability of A. tumefaciens to integrate its genes into the plant genome
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- E2F is a transcriptiion factor that activates genes for DNA rep- proteins. In addition with RBR, E2F is one of the controls for G1 to S transition. Why would E2F have a role in totipotyency of plant cells?Personalized cancer treatments involve identifying specific pathways in an individual tumor and selecting drugs that are effective for the modified pathways. One way to do this is to take culture cells from a biopsy of a specific paient and test the effects of a battery of drugs on the patiets cells in culture. How might heterotypic interactions complicate this strategy? How might cells be cultured differently to minimize these complications (limit 5-6 sentences)?Excluding leaf senescence, describe three instances of programmed cell death as a part of normal plant development.
- Green fluorescent protein (GFP) can attach and mark other proteins with fluorescence, enabling scientists to see the presence of a particular protein. In an experiment to understand the molecular physiology behind the GA-induced seed germination, a GFP-tagged protein was observed to be moving from the cytoplasm into the nucleus of aleurone layer cells before the detection of alpha-amylase in the endosperm. Based on your knowledge, identify the possible protein(s) with which the GFP is attached in the given situation. Justify your answer.Match each of the changes that can contribute to cancer with its correct description. Loss of function of regulators that send old or damaged cells into apoptosis Hyperactivation of signalling pathways that tell the cell to grow and divide 1. Sustaining proliferative signalling Loss of function of structural proteins that anchor cells to surrounding tissue and/or activation of cell migration 2. Evading growth suppressors 3. Activating invasion and metastasis Loss of function of 4. Enabling replicative immortality regulators that stop inappropriate growth and cell division 5. Inducing angiogenesis 6. Resisting cell death Loss of function of regulators that force aging cells to exit the cell cycle and enter GO or replicative senescence 00+ growth pathway signals generally result in elect one: p a. production of cyclin and CDK proteins p b. production of CDK inhibitors O c. phosphorylation of E2F protein o d. dephosphorylation of RB O e. All of the above
- List five main groups of natural plant growth regulators. Write a note ondiscovery, physiological functions and agricultural/horticultural applicationsof any one of them.3.2. From an anatomical point of view, plants undergo cell differentiation. Zinnia elegans is an excellent example of trans-differentiation. This species is used in BT2601 M. many experimental systems that study plant development. Discuss various types of mature cells and tissues that plants undergo during differentiation processes.According to data from genome sequences, cytoplasmic dynein is absent in some plants (e.g.,Arabidopsis) and present in others (e.g.,rice).Does this finding surprise you? What else might you do to confirm or refute such a statement? How is it possible that higher plant cells could operate without cytoplasmic dynein?
- Elaborate the advantage and disadvantages of Nano-Plant Growth RegulatorWhat information did the study of the crown gall disease provide that was critical for plant genetic engineering? Discovery of a plasmid that can integrate within the genome of plants Understanding the role of plant hormones in growth promotion Understanding the role of opine synthesis enzymes in tumor progression Knowledge of plant tumor inducing genesCan you answer this question, all of the parts please. A. Please explain the phenomenon of apical dominance in plant growth. B. Which plant hormone(s) involved in apical dominance?