17. Parents Jacob and Emma have had two children, Samuel and Matthew. Baby Samueldied at the age of nine days. When baby Matthew has trouble feeding, his parents takehim in to the doctor. He is diagnosed with Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD), a life-threatening condition in which the patient is not able to break down proteins from theirfood. As Matthew receives treatment, Jacob and Emma are referred to a geneticcounselor.The genetic counselor collects information about their family. Neither of Jacob'sparents were affected by MSUD. Jacob had one brother and three sisters. One of thesesisters died shortly after birth. Similarly, neither of Emma's parents were affected byMSUD. Emma had four brothers, and two of these died shortly after birth.a. Given what you know about Jacob and Emma's family, construct a pedigree thatincludes all three generations.b. Based on the pedigree you constructed, is it likely that MSUD is caused by adominant allele or recessive alleles? How can you tell? Of course, Jacob and Emma are concerned about their children. If they are toC.have more children, what would be the probability that they would have MSUD?19d. If Matthew were to have children, what would be the probability that he wouldpass on MSUD?e. Do Jacob and Emma's brother and sisters have the same risk of having offspringwith MSUD as them? What information would be important for determiningtheir risk?f.What would you do with this information if you were Jacob or Emma?

Name: 17. Parents Jacob and Emma have had two children, Samuel and Matthew.
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Description: 17. Parents Jacob and Emma have had two children, Samuel and Matthew. Baby Samueldied at the age of nine days. When baby Matthew has trouble feeding, his parents takehim in to the doctor. He is diagnosed with Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD), a life

Maple syrup urine disease is an inherited disorder in which the body is unable to process certain…

Answered: Of course, Jacob and Emma are concerned…

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Of course, Jacob and Emma are concerned about their children. If they are to have more children, what would be the probability that they would have MSUD?

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter17: Genes And The Immune System

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1CS

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James sees an online ad for an at-home genetic test that promises to deliver personalized nutritional advice based on an individuals genetic profile. The company can test for genetic variations, the advertisement states, that predispose individuals to developing health conditions such as heart disease and bone loss or that affect how they metabolize certain foods. If such variations are detected, the company can provide specific nutritional advice that will help counteract their effects. Always keen to take any steps available to ensure the best possible health for their family, James and his wife (Sally) decide that they both should be tested, as should their 11-year-old daughter (Patty). They order three kits. Once the kits arrive, the family members use cotton swabs to take cell samples from their cheeks and place the swabs in individually labeled envelopes. They mail the envelopes back to the company, along with completed questionnaires regarding their diets. Four weeks later, they receive three individual reports detailing the test results and providing extensive guidelines about what foods they should eat. Among the results is the finding that James has a particular allele in a gene that may make him vulnerable to the presence of free radicals in his cells. The report suggests that he increase his intake of antioxidants, such as vitamins C and E, and highlights a number of foods that are rich in those vitamins. The tests also show that Sally has several genetic variations that indicate that she may be at risk for elevated bone loss. The report recommends that she try to minimize this possibility by increasing her intake of calcium and vitamin D and lists a number of foods she could emphasize in her diet. Finally, the report shows that Patty has a genetic variation that may mean that she has a lowered ability to metabolize saturated fats, putting her at risk for developing heart disease. The report points to ways in which she can lower her intake of saturated fats and lists various types of foods that would be beneficial for her. A number of companies now offer genetic-testing services, promising to deliver personalized nutritional or other advice based on peoples genetic profiles. Generally, these tests fall into two different categories, with individual companies offering unique combinations of the two. The first type of test detects alleles of known genes that encode proteins that play an established role in, for example, counteracting free radicals in cells or in building up bone. In such cases, it is easy to see why individuals carrying alleles that may encode proteins with lower levels of activity may be more vulnerable to free radicals or more susceptible to bone loss. A second type of test examines genetic variations that may have no clear biological significance (i.e., they may not occur within a gene or may not have a detectable effect on gene activity) but have been shown to have a statistically significant correlation with a disease or a particular physiological condition. For example, a variation may frequently be detected in individuals with heart disease even though the reason for the correlation between the variation and the disease may be entirely mysterious. Do you think parents should be able to order such a test for their children? What if the test indicates that a child is at risk for a disease for which there is no known cure?