oduce green pigment, while homozygous recessive aa individuals produce ment. During the course of your research you discover the a1 allele that ss Il transposon insertion. Allele A is dominant to a1. Which genotype is c oducing a mixture of green and yellow pigment?
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- Here is a family pedigree for an imprinting disorder caused by a loss of function mutation in a single imprinted gene. After generation I only related individuals are shown. You can assume that the parents not included in the pedigree did not carry the mutation. %3D II IV V Male O Female Affected Carrier a) Does the mutation involve a gene that is normally expressed from the maternal or from the paternal allele? Briefly explain your logic. b) Identify two ways in which the pattern of inheritance shown in the pedigree is different from X-linked inheritance I. Parthenogenesis has been documented in most vertebrate Classes (e.g. birds, fish) but never in mammals. Genomic imprinting provides one explanation for this observation. Why?In a cross in Drosophila, a female heterozygous for the autosomallylinked genes a, b, c, d, and e (abcde/ + + + + +) was testcrossedwith a male homozygous for all recessive alleles (abcde/abcde).Even though the distance between each of the loci was at least3 map units, only four phenotypes were recovered, yielding thefollowing data: Phenotype No. of Flies+ + + + + 440a b c d e 460+ + + + e 48a b c d + 52 Total = 1000 Why are many expected crossover phenotypes missing? Can anyof these loci be mapped from the data given here? If so, determinemap distances.In mice, the A allele causes agouti fur, the AY allele causes yellow fur and is dominant to the A allele. The homozygous AY AY genotype is lethal. Why is the AYAY homozygous condition lethal? The AY allele highly transcribes the merc gene which is lethal in a homozygous AYAY individual. None of the other answers are correct. The AY allele lacks an upstream merc gene which is required for normal embryonic development. The AY allele contains a null mutation in the A gene, which is required for normal embryonic development. The yellow pigment produced by A allele is required for survival.
- There are two genetic disorders that result from mutation in imprinted genes: Prader-Willi syndrome, Angelman syndrome. Angelman syndrome results from deletion of UBE3A, which is a gene imprinted such that only the maternal copy is expressed. In the pedigree above, individual I-1 is heterozygous for a deletion of UBE3A and does not have Angelman syndrome. Individual I-2 is homozygous wild type for UBE3A. Which individuals in the pedigree are at risk for exhibiting Angelman syndrome, if any? (Who could potentially have the syndrome, based on what alleles it is possible for them to inherit and express?) Question 8 options: Only I-1 could have been at risk. If he does not have the syndrome, no one in the pedigree could. Only III-1 is at risk I-1, II-2, and III-1 are all at risk Only II-2 is at risk No one in the pedigree is at risk Both II-2 and III-1 are at…In a certain plant, leaf size is determined by fourgenes whose alleles assort independently and actadditively. Thus, alleles A, B, C, and D each add4 cm to leaf length and alleles A′, B′, C′, andD′ each add 2 cm to leaf length. Therefore,an AA BB CC DD plant has leaves 32 cm longand an A′A′ B′B′ C′C′ D′D′ plant has leaves16 cm long.a. If true-breeding plants with leaves 32 cm longare crossed to true-breeding plants with leaves16 cm long, the F1 will have leaves 24 cm longand the genotype AA′ BB′ CC′ DD′. Listall possible leaf lengths and their expectedfrequencies in the F2 generation produced fromthese F1 plants.Many genetic disorders exhibit locus heterogeneity. Define andgive two examples of locus heterogeneity. How does locus heterogeneityconfound a pedigree analysis?
- Using designations "Group A", “Group B," etc., organize the mutant strains into complementation groups. If the result of any cross does not fit your groupings, indicate which cross(es) you have excluded. Consider the consequence if one of the mutations was dominant. You should see that complementation tests could not be used to provide information about dominant mutations. a) If a mutation were dominant, how would the diploid be affected? What effect would this have on the determination of your complementation groups? b) How would you test if any of these trp¯ mutations were dominant?A woman has her personal genome analyzed for the BRCA1 mutation after learning that her father is heterozygous and carries one mutant allele. What is her chance of inheriting the mutant allele from her father? 0: men cannot transmit genes affecting breast cancer. 25% 50% 75% 100% Among the progeny of a heterozygous round (Aa) x homozygous wrinkled ( aa) cross, three seeds are chosen at random. What is the probability that all three seeds are round? (1/4)3 1/4 (1/2) 3 1/2 A single gene can produce different proteins. True FalseIn mice, the wild-type coat color, agouti (AA) [left mouse], is dominant to solid-colored, black fur (aa) [middle mouse]. However, a separate gene (C) is necessary for pigment production. A mouse that is homozygous for a recessive c allele at this locus is unable to produce pigment and is albino [right mouse] regardless of the allele present at locus A. Thus, the following genotypes are listed with their associated phenotypes: ~ A/A; C/C or A/A; C/c or A/a; C/C or A/a; C/c ==> "agouti" ~ a/a; C/C or a/a; C/c ==> "black" ~ A/A; c/c or A/a; c/c or a/a; c/c or a/a; c/c ==> "albino" This is an example of recessive epistasis, in which the recessive c allele "stands upon" the possible genotypes for the A gene (A/A, A/a, or a/a). If two agouti mice with the A/a; C/c genotype are mated, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in their offspring? A.9 albino, 4 agouti, 3 black B. 9 agouti, 4 albino, 3 black C.9 black, 4 albino, 3 agouti D.9 agouti, 4 black, 3 albino
- Multiple crosses were made between true-breeding lines of black and yellow Labrador retrievers. All the F1 progeny were yellow. When these progeny were intercrossed, they produced an F2 consisting of 121 yellow, 9 black and 30 chocolate. What epistatic ratio and what kind of epistasis is approximated in the F2? Propose a biochemical pathway for coat color in Labrador retrievers based on the type of epistasis. Correlate each genotype with the phenotype that would occur in your pathway. Also show the frequency of each genotype. A-B- A-bb aaB- aabbIn Drosophila, a heterozygous female for the X-linkedrecessive traits a, b, and c was crossed to a male that phenotypically expressed a, b, and c. The offspring occurred inthe following phenotypic ratios.+ b c 460a + + 450a b c 32+ + + 38a + c 11+ b + 9 No other phenotypes were observed.(a) What is the genotypic arrangement of the alleles ofthese genes on the X chromosome of the female?There are two genetic disorders that result from mutation in imprinted genes: Prader-Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome. Prader-Willi syndrome results from deletion of region 15q11-q13, which in healthy individuals is a region imprinted such that only the paternal copy is expressed. In the pedigree above, individual I-1 is heterozygous for a deletion of region 15q11-q13 and does not have Prader-Willi syndrome. Individuals I-2 and II-1 are both homozygous wild type for the region. Which individuals in the pedigree might have Prader-Willi syndrome? (Who could potentially have the syndrome, based on what alleles it is possible for them to inherit and express?) Question 9 options: Only II-2 could have Prader-Willi syndrome III-1 could have Prader-Willi syndrome in the presented pedigree; II-2 could only have had it if she were male Both II-2 and III-1 could have Prader-Willi syndrome II-2 could have…